Georg Heppner, Felix Mauch, Stefan Scherzinger, David Timmermann, Pascal Becker, Stefan Ulbrich, Arne Rönnau, Peter Heiligensetzer, Fabian Fürst, Springer, 2020

Georg Heppner, Felix Mauch, Stefan Scherzinger, David Timmermann, Pascal Becker, Stefan Ulbrich, Arne Rönnau, Peter Heiligensetzer, Fabian Fürst, Springer, 2020

Schulz, Michael and Neuhaus, Uwe and Kaufmann, Jens and Badura, Daniel and Kerzel, Ulrich and Welter, Felix and Prothmann, Maik and Kühnel, Stephan and Passlick, Jens and Rissler, Raphael and Badewitz, Wolfgang and others, valantic Business Analytics GmbH, 2020

Philipp Rosenberger, Martin Holder, Sebastian Hueh, Hermann Winner, Tobias Fleek, Marc René Zofka, J Marius Zöllner, Thomas D'hondt, Benjamin Wassermann, Springer, 2020

Bach, Johannes and Otten, Stefan and Sax, Eric, Springer International Publishing, 2019

Philipp Rosenberger, Martin Holder, Marc René Zofka, Tobias Fleck, Thomas D’hondt, Benjamin Wassermann, Juraj Prstek, Springer, 2019

Dahm, M. & Dregger, A., Springer Gabler, 2019

Egal ob Recruiting, Personalentwicklung oder Personalmarketing: Die Möglichkeiten, digitale Instrumente wie z. B. Lösungen auf Basis von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) im Personalwesen einzusetzen, sind bereits jetzt Realität und in absehbarer Zeit wird ihre Zahl zunehmen. Jedoch ist bisher wenig dazu bekannt, wie solche KI-basierten Tools auf die Nutzer wirken und ob diese bereit sind, die Möglichkeiten auch zu akzeptieren und tatsächlich zu nutzen. Darüber hinaus ist unklar, welche Faktoren sich förderlich oder hemmend hierbei auswirken. Diese Fragen möchte der vorliegende Beitrag anhand einer empirischen Studie im Recruiting-Bereich näher beleuchten. Im Rahmen dieser Studie bekamen junge Berufstätige, die berufsbegleitend studieren, drei verschiedene Situationen geschildert, in denen bereits heute schon KI-Lösungen eingesetzt werden. Diese Situationen bewerteten sie anhand verschiedener aus der Forschungsliteratur abgeleiteter Kriterien und gaben detaillierte Einblicke in die Nutzerwahrnehmung solcher Systeme.

Kloker, Simon and Straub, Tim and Kranz, Tobias T and Weinhardt, Christof, Springer, 2019

Walter Homolka, Jo Frank, Jonas Fegert (Hrsg.), Verlag Herder, 2018

Stefan Otten, Johannes Bach, Christoph Wohlfahrt, Christian King, Jan Lier, Hermann Schmid, Stefan Schmerler, Eric Sax, Springer International Publishing, 2018

Meyer, Anne and Zander, Stefan and Knapper, Rico and Setzer, Thomas, Springer, 2018

Schwab, Stefan and Holzmüller, Bernd and Hohmann, Sören, Springer International Publishing, 2017

Verification of switched systems has to include the continuous trajectories as well as the discrete states of the system. For strongly interconnected systems with mutual dependencies it is not sufficient to verify the two system parts individually. It is necessary to examine the combined behaviour in such a setting. The approach presented in this paper is based on the well known concept of using system identification methods for verification which is extended to switched systems. The authors introduce the idea to tackle the verification of complex mechatronical systems as hybrid identification problem. Therefore the specification is given by the user in terms of the parameters of linear dynamic systems and a superimposed state machine. The implemented system under test can be transformed into the same representation using input/output measurement data and a recently developed hybrid identification procedure. Finally it is possible to compare the two representations automatically and calculate a formal statement about the consistency between specification and implementation.

Viehl, Alexander and Gleich, Udo and Post, Hendrik and others, Springer, Cham, 2017

Borrmann, Jan Micha and Ottlik, Sebastian and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, Springer, Cham, 2017

C. Kunze, J. Müller, Pabst Science Publishers , 2017

Oliver Bringmann and Christoph Gerum and Sebastian Ottlik, Springer, 2017

Oliver Bringmann and Sebastian Ottlik and Alexander Viehl, Springer, 2017

Jan Micha Borrmann and Sebastian Ottlik and Alexander Viehl and Oliver Bringmann and Wolfgang Rosenstiel, Springer, 2017

René Stephan, Bruno Rosales-Saurer, Natalie Röll, FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik, 2016

Neue Technologien und darauf aufbauende bedarfsgerechte Dienstleistungen können erheblich dazu beitragen, älteren Menschen bei einer selbständigen Lebensführung zu helfen. Die Potenziale der technikunterstützen Assistenzsysteme sind in der Bevölkerung jedoch kaum bekannt. Es fehlt hierfür vor allem auch an lokalen, niederschwelligen Beratungs- und Informationsangeboten, die die Bevölkerung gezielt und individuell beraten. Beim Aufbau von Beratungsstrukturen in diesem sehr neuen Themenfeld sind die Kommunen auf eine Unterstützungsinfrastruktur z.B. in Form von Fachdatenbanken, Leitfäden guter Praxis oder auch Weiterbildungsangeboten angewiesen. Das Projekt "Besser leben im Alter durch Technik" hatte daher das Ziel, den Aufbau von kommunalen Beratungsstellen mit einer umfassenden und zielgruppenspezifischen Wissensbasis über verfügbare technische Assistenzsysteme und fachliche Begleitung zu unterstützen. Dieser Abschlussbericht stellt die erzielten Ergebnisse dar.

Iris Heckmann, Springer, 2016

In this thesis, Iris Heckmann develops a profound conceptual basis of supply chain risk analytics. She transfers the newly defined concepts for the modelling and operationalization of supply chain risk within simulation and optimization approaches, in order to ease unexpected deviations and disruptions, which are subsumed under the notion of supply chain risk, increasingly aggravating the planning and optimization of supply chains.

Hermann, Andreas, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016

C. Tradowsky and T. Harbaum and L. Masing and J. Becker, Springer International Publishing, 2016

Tradowsky, Carsten and Cordero, Enrique and Orsinger, Christoph and Vesper, Malte and Becker, Jürgen, Springer International Publishing, 2016

Tradowsky, Carsten and Cordero, Enrique and Orsinger, Christoph and Vesper, Malte and Becker, Jürgen, Springer International Publishing, 2016

Hinkel, Georg and Denninger, Oliver and Krach, Sebastian and Groenda, Henning, Springer International Publishing, 2016

Model-driven engineering (MDE) has been successfully adopted in domains such as automation or embedded systems. However, in many other domains, MDE is rarely applied. In this paper, we describe our experiences of applying MDE techniques in the domain of neurorobotics -- a combination of neuroscience and robotics, studying the embodiment of autonomous neural systems. In particular, we participated in the development of the Neurorobotics Platform (NRP) -- an online platform for describing and running neurorobotic experiments by coupling brain and robot simulations. We explain why MDE was chosen and discuss conceptual and technical challenges, such as inconsistent understanding of models, focus of the development and platform-barriers.

Hinkel, Georg and Denninger, Oliver and Krach, Sebastian and Groenda, Henning, Springer, 2016

Model-driven engineering (MDE) has been successfully adopted in domains such as automation or embedded systems. However, in many other domains, MDE is rarely applied. In this paper, we describe our experiences of applying MDE techniques in the domain of neurorobotics -- a combination of neuroscience and robotics, studying the embodiment of autonomous neural systems. In particular, we participated in the development of the Neurorobotics Platform (NRP) -- an online platform for describing and running neurorobotic experiments by coupling brain and robot simulations. We explain why MDE was chosen and discuss conceptual and technical challenges, such as inconsistent understanding of models, focus of the development and platform-barriers.

Sebastian Lehrig and Steffen Becker and Christian Stier and Ralf H. Reussner, MIT Press, 2016

Schuller, Alexander, Springer Singapore, 2015

Asarnusch Rashid, Markus Ewald, Stumpf und Kossendey, 2015

Das Forschungszentrum Informatik (FZI) und das Beratungsunternehmen BeraSys GmbH aus Karlsruhe haben von 2011 bis 2014 im Auftrag des DRK Emmendingen und des Landkreises Emmendingen die Entwicklungsperspektiven der Integrierten Leitstellen in Baden-Württemberg am Beispiel Emmendingen untersucht. Die wissenschaftliche Studie hat Bewertungskriterien und Methoden für die Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit von Integrierten Leitstellen erarbeitet. Insbesondere empfiehlt die Studie, nicht ausschließlich die Hilfsfrist als Qualitätskriterium zugrunde zu legen. Wichtige Anforderungen an die Qualität sind demnach auch optimierte Lösungen für die Bewältigung von Großschadenslagen, die Festlegung von zeitlichen Fristen für die Disponierung von Einsätzen sowie personelle Verstärkungskonzepte der Integrierten Leitstellen. Darüber hinaus konnte die Studie keine objektiv nachweisbare Notwendigkeit zum Beispiel für Zusammenlegungen von Leitstellen herausarbeiten. Vielmehr stellt die Studie fest, dass die wissenschaftlich aufgearbeiteten Bewertungskriterien keinen Zusammenhang zwischen Größe und Qualität bzw. Kosten aufzeigen. Der Band stellt die Ergebnisse der Studie für das Fachpublikum und die interessierte Öffentlichkeit anschaulich dar.

Gottwalt, Sebastian and König, Lukas and Schmeck, Hartmut, Springer International Publishing, 2015

Figuli, Peter and Tradowsky, Carsten and Martinez, Jose and Sidiropoulos, Harry and Siozios, Kostas and Stenschke, Holger and Soudris, Dimitrios and Becker, Jürgen, Springer International Publishing, 2015

Mauser, Ingo and Feder, Julian and Müller, Jan and Schmeck, Hartmut, Springer International Publishing, 2015

Hinkel, Georg, Springer, 2015

Despite good results, Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) has not been widely adopted in industry. According to studies by Staron and Mohaghegi, the lack of tool support is one of the major reasons for this. Although MDE has existed for more than a decade now, tool support is still insufficient. An approach to overcome this limitation for model transformations, which are a key part of MDE, is the usage of internal languages that reuse tool support for existing host languages. On the other hand, these internal languages typically do not provide key features like change propagation or bidirectional transformation. In this paper, we present an approach to use a single internal model transformation language to create unidirectional and bidirectional model transformations with optional change propagation. In total, we currently provide 18 operation modes based on a single specification. At the same time, the language may reuse tool support for C#. We validate the applicability of our language using a synthetic example with a transformation from finite state machines to Petri nets where we achieved speedups of up to 48 compared to classical batch transformations.

Birger Becker and Fabian Kern and Manuel Loesch and Ingo Mauser and Hartmut Schmeck, Springer, 2015

Birger Becker, Fabian Kern, Manuel Loesch, Ingo Mauser, Hartmut Schmeck, Springer, 2015

The FZI House of Living Labs is a research and demonstration environment that facilitates interdisciplinary research, development, and evaluation in real-life scenarios. It consists of various Living Labs addressing different research topics. In the Living Lab smartEnergy, solutions for the energy system of the future are investigated. For this reason, the whole FZI House of Living Labs has been equipped with building automation, distributed generation, thermal and electrical storage, and technologies that enable the flexibilization of energy supply and demand. The equipment, among others, includes a photovoltaic and battery storage system, a micro combined heat and power plant, and an adsorption chiller. A building energy management system was developed that integrates various communication technologies, and hence enables monitoring, data recording, visualization, and the integrated optimization of the devices and systems. This way, flexibilities can be utilized with regard to different optimization goals such as an increased self-consumption, or the provisioning of grid-supporting services.

Birger Becker and Fabian Kern and Manuel Loesch and Ingo Mauser and Hartmut Schmeck, Springer, 2015

Siozios, Kostas and Figuli, Peter and Sidiropoulos, Harry and Tradowsky, Carsten and Diamantopoulos, Dionysios and Maragos, Konstantinos and Delicia, Shalina Percy and Soudris, Dimitrios and Becker, Jürgen, Springer International Publishing, 2015

Kunze von Bischhoffshausen, Johannes and Hottum, Peter and Straub, Tim, Springer, 2015

Birger Becker, KIT Scientific Publishing, 2014

Gebäude-Energiemanagementsysteme stellen durch die dezentrale Koordination von Geräten, Anlagen und Systemen in elektrischen Verteilnetzen großes Potential dar, um den Herausforderungen der Energiewende effizient zu begegnen. Insbesondere sind solche Systeme in der Lage, Flexibilität zu identifizieren, um damit einen lokalen Ausgleich zwischen Erzeugung und Verbrauch zu ermöglichen, dezentrale Prognosen zu generieren sowie zusätzliche Systemdienstleistungen bereitzustellen, die für den sicheren Netzbetrieb erforderlich sind. Der Nutzer muss dabei die Entscheidungsgewalt über alle Komponenten und Abläufe des Gebäude-Energiemanagements behalten, während ein Großteil der Steuerung automatisch erfolgt. Für eine weitreichende Verbreitung werden zudem Systeme benötigt, die sich „out-of-the-box“ an die tatsächliche Umgebung der Gebäude anpassen lassen. Das Energy Management Panel stellt dazu eine umfangreiche Anwendung für die Interaktion zwischen dem Nutzer und dem Gebäude-Energiemanagement dar. Der Building Manager erweitert ein konkretes Gebäude-Energiemanagementsystem zur Integration der Nutzerinteraktion in das System. Durch die Kopplung dieser beiden Komponenten entsteht das Interaktive Gebäude-Energiemanagement, welches drei wesentliche Bausteine kombiniert: Visualisierung, Parametrisierung und Systemkonfiguration.

Wojciech Kozak and Denis Stein and Clemens Felsmann and Burkhard Hensel and Klaus Kabitzsch and Markus Rösler, Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, 2014

T. Guhl, S. Heuer, B. Rosales, S. Walther, J. Schneider , KIT Scientific Publishing, 2014

Alpers, Sascha and Becker, Christoph and Eryilmaz, Esmahan and Schuster, Thomas, Springer International Publishing, 2014

Eryilmaz, Esmahan and Kagerbauer, Martin and Schuster, Thomas and Wolf, Oliver, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014

Allerding, Florian and Mauser, Ingo and Schmeck, Hartmut, Springer, 2014

Mauser, Ingo and Dorscheid, Marita and Schmeck, Hartmut, Springer, 2014

Werthmann, Dirk and Bender, Matthias and Engelhardt, Philipp and Winkler, Matthes and Parlings, Matthias and Reinhardt, Saskia, Publicis Publishing, Erlangen, 2014

Lorenzo Blasi and Gunnar Brataas and Michael Boniface and Joe Butler and Francesco D'andria and Michel Drescher and Ricardo Jimenez and Klaus Krogmann and George Kousiouris and Bastian Koller and Giada Landi and Francesco Mat, European Commission Directorate General Communications Networks, Content and Technology, 2013

The rapid evolution of the cloud market is leading to the emergence of new services, new ways for service provisioning and new interaction and collaboration models both amongst cloud providers and service ecosystems exploiting cloud resources. Service Level Agreements (SLAs) govern the aforementioned relationships by defining the terms of engagement for the participating entities.

Klaus Krogmann and Markus Kremer and Ralf Knobloch and Siegfried Florek and Rainer Schmidt, BITKOM, 2013

Das Kapitel beleuchtet wichtige technische Konzepte, die für das Cloud-Computing essentiell sind. Das Verstaendnis für die durch diese Konzepte geloesten Fragestellungen ist notwendig, um die verschiedenen Auspraegungen und Varianten von Cloud-Angeboten beurteilen zu koennen.

Blau, Benjamin S. and Hildenbrand, Tobias and Knapper, Rico and Mazarakis, Athanasios and Xu, Yongchun and Fassunge, Martin G., Springer, 2013

Tim Gugl, Stephan Heuer, Bruno Rosales, Steffen Walther, Johannes Schneider, KIT Scientific Publishing, 2013

Diese Arbeit stellt den Mobilitätsassistenten (MAID) zur Unterstützung bewegungseingeschränkter Menschen im alltäglichen Lebensumfeld vor. Der Mobilitätsassistent unterstützt beim Gehen, beim Aufstehen und Hinsetzen, beim Transport von Gegenständen und, unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen, im kognitiven Bereich. Dazu ist MAID mit Sensoren zur Erfassung der Umwelt, mit Aktuatoren zur selbstständigen Bewegung, mit einer intuitiven Benutzerschnittstelle und mit einem intelligenten Steuerungssystem ausgestattet, das ein nutzer- und situationsabhängiges Verhalten erlaubt. Aufbauend auf den Grundideen heute bereits verbreiteter und bewährter Hilfsmittel behebt der Mobilitätsassistent mit seinem aktiven und benutzeradaptiven Ansatz wesentliche Schwächen heutiger Systeme und erweitert deren Funktionsumfang deutlich. Der erweiterungsfähige Ansatz stellt sicher, dass MAID mit ihren Anforderungen wachsen kann. Aus diesen Gründen steigert sich der Nutzen deutlich gegenüber heutigen, oft über mehrere Systeme verteilten Lösungsansätzen.

Dodero, Juan Manuel and Palomo-Duarte, Manuel and Ruiz-Rube, Iv\'an and Traverso, Ignacio, Springer, 2013

Otte, Francisco Javier Parada and Saurer, Bruno Rosales and Stork, Wilhelm, Springer, 2013

Lenk, Alexander and Pallas, Frank, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013

Rivera-Pelayo, Verónica and Lacic, Emanuel and Zacharias, Valentin and Studer, Rudi, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013

Rivera-Pelayo, Verónica and Braun, Simone and Riss, UweV. and Witschel, HansFriedrich and Hu, Bo, Springer Vienna, 2013

Zweigle, Oliver and Keil, Benjamin and Wittlinger, Markus and Häussermann, Kai and Levi, Paul, Springer, 2013

El Shaikh, Mahmoud and Koch, Andreas and Eckstein, Bernd and Häussermann, Kai and Zweigle, Oliver and Levi, Paul, Springer, 2013

Kattmann, Christoph and Zweigle, Oliver and Häussermann, Kai and Levi, Paul, Springer, 2013

Di Marco, Daniel and Tenorth, Moritz and Häussermann, Kai and Zweigle, Oliver and Levi, Paul, Springer, 2013

Vahrenkamp, Nikolaus and Kröhnert, Manfred and Ulbrich, Stefan and Asfour, Tamim and Metta, Giorgio and Dillmann, Rüdiger and Sandini, Giulio, Springer, 2013

Klaus Krogmann, KIT Scientific Publishing, 2012

Model-based performance prediction systematically deals with the evaluation of software performance to avoid for example bottlenecks, estimate execution environment sizing, or identify scalability limitations for new usage scenarios. Such performance predictions require up-to-date software performance models. This book describes a new integrated reverse engineering approach for the reconstruction of parameterised software performance models (software component architecture and behaviour).

Levi, Paul and Zweigle, Oliver and Häu\ssermann, Kai and Eckstein, Bernd, Springer, 2012

Springer New York, 2012

Viehl, A., Hut, 2012

C. Kunze, B. Rosales Saurer, Springer Verlag, 2012

C. Kunze, B. Rosales Saurer, Wegweiser Media \& Conferences GmbH, Berlin, 2012

Christophe Kunze, Bruno Rosales Saurer, Natalie Röll, Roland Görlitz, Asarnusch Rashid, Ingrid Hastedt, Gregor Senne, Tibor Vetter, Steffen Lutze, Springer Verlag, 2012

Emmanuel Müller, Fabian Keller, Sebastian Blanc, Klemens Böhm, Springer, 2012

Karaenke, P. and Schuele, M. and Micsik, A. and Kipp, A., Springer, 2012

Adler, Nico and Graf, Philipp and Müller-Glaser, Klaus D., Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012

Fessl, Angela and Rivera-Pelayo, Verónica and Pammer, Viktoria and Braun, Simone, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012

Perzylo, Alexander and Schie\ssle, Björn and Häussermann, Kai and Zweigle, Oliver and Levi, Paul and Knoll, Alois, Springer, 2012

Stattelmann, Stefan and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, Springer New York, 2012

Müller, Lars and Rivera-Pelayo, Ver\'onica and Heuer, Stephan, Springer, 2012

Xue, Zhixing and Rühl, Steffen W and Zöllner, J Marius and Dillmann, Rüdiger, Springer, 2012 (Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics - STAR 76), 2012

Jäkel, Rainer and Rühl, W Steffen and Schmidt-Rohr, Sven R and Lösch, Martin and Xue, Zhixing and Dillmann, Rüdiger, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012

We propose a layered system for autonomous planning of complex service robot environment manipulation challenges. Motion planning, logic-based planning and probabilistic mission planning are integrated into a single system and planning models are generated using Programming by human Demonstration (PbD). The strength of planning models arises from the flexibility they give the robot in dealing with changing scenes and highly varying sequences of events. This comes at the cost of complex planning model representations and generation, however. Manually engineering very general descriptions covering a large sets of challenges is infeasible as is learning them exclusively by robot self-exploration. Thus, we present PbD for planning models together with generation of parameters from analysis of geometric scene properties to tackle that difficulty. Experimental results show the applicability of these techniques on natural learning and autonomous execution of complex robot manipulation challenges.

Xue, Zhixing and Kuehnle, Jens and Rühl, Steffen W and Dillmann, Ruediger, Springer, 2012 (Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics - STAR 76), 2012

Stattelmann, Stefan and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, Springer, New York, NY, 2012

Springer Basel, 2011

Baumgart, Ingmar, KIT Scientific Publishing, 2011

Internet-Telefonie setzt bislang die Bereitstellung einer Infrastruktur mit zentralen Servern voraus. Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist der Entwurf eines dezentralen Systems, das mit Hilfe von Peer-to-Peer-Technologien zukünftig die kostengünstige Erbringung vollständig dezentraler Telefoniedienste über das Internet ermöglicht. Der Schwerpunkt des Entwurfs liegt dabei auf den beiden Aspekten Sicherheit und Effizienz, die sich gegenseitig beeinflussen und somit im Zusammenspiel betrachtet werden.

Koller, B. and Laria, G. and Karaenke, P. and Micsik, A. and Frutos, H.M. and Gaeta, A., IGI Global, 2011

Florian Allerding and Birger Becker and Hartmut Schmeck, Springer Basel, 2011

Bouajila, Abdelmajid and Zeppenfeld, Johannes and Stechele, Walter and Bernauer, Andreas and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang and Herkersdorf, Andreas, Springer Basel, 2011

Bernauer, Andreas and Zeppenfeld, Johannes and Bringmann, Oliver and Herkersdorf, Andreas and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, Springer Basel, 2011

Johannes Zeppenfeld and Abdelmajid Bouajila and Walter Stechele and Andreas Bernauer and Oliver Bringmann and Wolfgang Rosenstiel and Andreas Herkersdorf, Springer Basel, 2011

René Stephan, Hülsbusch, 2010

Die Nutzung sozialer Netzwerke ist in den vergangenen Jahren geradezu explosionsartig gestiegen, auch und gerade innerhalb jüngerer Zielgruppen. Mobbing – auch Bullying genannt – findet damit verstärkt seinen Weg ins Internet. Schockierende Einzelfälle und deren mediale Präsenz haben auch zu einem verstärkten Interesse von Politik und Öffentlichkeit an dieser neuen Form des Mobbings geführt. Cyber-Bullying in sozialen Netzwerken arbeitet nach dem Versuch einer Abgrenzung zwischen Mobbing und Bullying die Besonderheiten des Cyber-Bullyings heraus. Die rechtlichen und politischen Rahmenbedingungen, die für die Plattformbetreiber gelten, werden hier ebenso aufgezeigt, wie Funktionen sozialer Netzwerke herausgearbeitet werden, die Bullying (positiv oder negativ) beeinflussen. Welche Maßnahmen gegen Bullying die Betreiber sozialer Netzwerke bereits installiert haben und welche konkreten Problempotenziale existieren, wird am Beispiel von schülerVZ exemplarisch dargestellt. Neben einer Evaluation des Registrierungsprozesses zu dieser unter Schülern populären Plattform werden weitere sicherheitsrelevante Aspekte dieses Netzwerkes im Hinblick auf Bullying evaluiert und weitere mögliche Maßnahmen für einen verbesserten Schutz diskutiert. Abschließend werden aus den bisher gesammelten Erkenntnissen mögliche Maßnahmen seitens der Plattformbetreiber auf deren Einsetzbarkeit hin untersucht. Diese werden nicht zuletzt im Spannungsfeld zwischen Monetarisierung und dem Erreichen der kritischen Nutzermasse betrachtet. Im Ergebnis werden weitere technische Schutzmaßnahmen wie eine kontingentierte Direktsperrung von Inhalten durch die Nutzer empfohlen sowie die Einbindung volljähriger Nutzer in die Überwachung der Plattform diskutiert.

B. Rosales Saurer, M. Müller-Gorchs, S. Sobol, A. Haupt, Medical Future Verlag, Solingen, 2010

CRC Press, 2009

Springer Netherlands, 2009

Koch, Andreas and Berthelot, Adam and Eckstein, Bernd and Zweigle, Oliver and Häussermann, Kai and Käppeler, Uwe-Philipp and Tamke, Andreas and Rajaie, Hamid and Levi, Paul, Springer, 2009

Zweigle, Oliver and Häussermann, Kai and Käppeler, Uwe-Philipp and Levi, Paul, Springer, 2009

Jürgen Schnerr, Oliver Bringmann, Matthias Krause, Alexander Viehl, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, CRC Press, 2009

Viehl, Alexander and Sander, Björn and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, Springer Netherlands, 2009

Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang and others, Springer, Dordrecht, 2009

Kohlhaas, Ralf and Szekeresch, Ferdinand and Gindele, Tobias and Dillmann, Rüdiger, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009

Reussner, Ralf H. and Hasselbring, Wilhelm, dPunkt.verlag Heidelberg, 2008

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2008

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2008

Achim Baier and Steffen Becker and Martin Jung and Klaus Krogmann and Carsten R\"ottgers and Niels Streekmann and Karsten Thoms and Steffen Zschaler, dPunkt.verlag Heidelberg, 2008

Sebastian Herold and Holger Klus and Yannick Welsch and Constanze Deiters and Andreas Rausch and Ralf Reussner and Klaus Krogmann and Heiko Koziolek and Raffaela Mirandola and Benjamin Hummel and Michael Meisinger and Christi, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2008

The example of use which was chosen as the Common Component Modeling Example (CoCoME) and on which the several methods presented in this book should be applied was designed according to the example described by Larman in [1]. The description of this example and its use cases in the current chapter shall be considered under the assumption that this information was delivered by a business company as it could be in the reality. Therefore the specified requirements are potentially incomplete or imprecise.

Krogmann, Klaus and Reussner, Ralf H., Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2008

Palladio is a component modelling approach with a focus on performance (i.e. response time, throughput, resource utilisation) analysis to enable early design-time evaluation of software architectures. It targets modelling business information systems. The Palladio approach includes a meta-model called Palladio Component Model for structural views, component behaviour specifications, resource environment, component allocation and the modelling of system usage and multiple analysis techniques ranging from process algebra analysis to discrete event simulation. Additionally, the Palladio approach is aligned with a development process model tailored for component-based software systems. Early design-time predictions avoid costly redesigns and reimplementation. Palladio enables software architects to analyse different architectural design alternatives supporting their design decisions with quantitative performance predictions, provided with the Palladio approach.

Ralf Reussner and Viktoria Firus, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2008

Sebastian Herold and Holger Klus and Yannick Welsch and Constanze Deiters and Andreas Rausch and Ralf Reussner and Klaus Krogmann and Heiko Koziolek and Raffaela Mirandola and Benjamin Hummel and Michael Meisinger and Christi, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2008

The example of use which was chosen as the Common Component Modeling Example (CoCoME) and on which the several methods presented in this book should be applied was designed according to the example described by Larman in [1]. The description of this example and its use cases in the current chapter shall be considered under the assumption that this information was delivered by a business company as it could be in the reality. Therefore the specified requirements are potentially incomplete or imprecise.

P. Karaenke and M. Schuele and A. Klein and T. Bieser and S. Kirn, Cuvillier, 2008

M. Schuele and P. Karaenke and A. Klein and T. Bieser and S. Kirn, Cuvillier, 2008

Rajaie, Hamid and Lafrenz, Reinhard and Zweigle, Oliver and Käppeler, Uwe-Philipp and Schreiber, Frank and Rühr, Thomas and Tamke, Andreas and Levi, Paul, Springer, 2008

Denninger, Oliver and Gelhausen, Tom and Geiß, Rubino, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008

Springer US, 2007

Andreas Cardeneo, Springer, Berlin, 2007

Lafrenz, Reinhard and Schreiber, Frank and Zweigle, Oliver and Schanz, Michael and Rajaie, Hamid and Käppeler, U-P and Levi, Paul and Starke, Jens, Springer, 2007

Heyer, Susanne and Oberhuemer, Petra and Zander, Stefan and Prenner, Philipp, Springer, 2007

Alexander Viehl and Markus Schwarz and Oliver Bringmann and Wolfgang Rosenstiel, Springer US, 2007

Viehl, Alexander and Schwarz, Markus and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, Springer, Boston, MA, 2007

Koziolek, Heiko and Firus, Viktoria and Becker, Steffen and Reussner, Ralf H., dPunkt.verlag Heidelberg, 2006

Schanz, Michael and Starke, Jens and Lafrenz, Reinhard and Zweigle, Oliver and Oubbati, Mohamed and Rajaie, Hamid and Schreiber, Frank and Buchheim, Thorsten and Käppeler, Uwe-Philipp and Levi, Paul, Springer, 2006

Andreas Cardeneo, Universit?tsverlag Karlsruhe, 2005

O. Bringmann, Logos-Verlag Berlin, 2003

Andreas Cardeneo, Springer, 2002

Reussner, Ralf H., Logos Verlag, Berlin, 2001

Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001

Barna, C., Forschungszentrum Informatik, 1999

Hansen, C. and Bringmann, O., FZI, Forschungszentrum Informatik, 1998

Dregger, A., Springer Gabler, in press

Zusammenfassung Kooperationen zwischen Organisationen der unterschiedlichsten Form nehmen zu und sind im Angesicht von Digitalisierung, künstlicher Intelligenz oder autonomen Fahren unabdingbar. Trotzdem scheitert eine Vielzahl solcher Kooperationen. Ein oftmals von den Kooperationspartnern vernachlässigter, aber zum Scheitern maßgeblich beitragender Faktor ist das Beziehungsmanagement. Ein Grund für diese Vernachlässigung könnte sein, dass es an einem praxisnahen Modell hierzu fehlt, das systematisch die Erkenntnisse aus der Psychologie, Soziologie, Rechts- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften zusammenträgt und beschreibt, was „gute“ von „schlechter“ Kooperation unterscheidet. Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert ein solches interdisziplinäres, verhaltensbasiertes Modell, auf dessen Basis ein Fragebogentool entwickelt wurde. Zudem wird konkret gezeigt, wie Praktiker das Modell und den Fragebogen im Rahmen von Diagnostik, Evaluation und Beratung einsetzen können, um die Kooperationsbeziehung zu verbessern. Nutzen für den Leser Der Beitrag ist sowohl für Forscher als auch für Praktiker im Bereich Kooperationsmanagement sinnvoll. Er legt ein integratives, psychologisches Modell vor, um Kooperationsbeziehungen zu beschreiben. Das Modell basiert auf der Relational Contract Theory und erweitert den Ansatz um zahlreiche Aspekte (z.B. der Zusammenhang zwischen der Beziehung und dem Erfolg). Das Modell erlaubt ein vertieftes Verständnis solcher Beziehungen, wodurch diese gezielt verbessert werden können. Außerdem werden für Praktiker verschiedene Verwendungsmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt: Neben der Diagnose des Zustandes und der Evaluation der Veränderung einer Kooperationsbeziehung mithilfe des Fragebogentools kann das Modell genutzt werden, um Workshop-Übungen zu entwickeln. Zusätzlich wird erläutert, wie der Prozess der Partnerwahl und die Gestaltung von Verträgen auf Basis des Modells verändert werden müssen, um kooperativere Geschäftsbeziehungen von vornherein zu erzielen.

Dahm, M. & Dregger, A., in press

Springer Netherlands

Krause, Matthias and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, Springer Netherlands

Katharina Glock, Anne Meyer, 2020

Huber, Julian and Dann, David and Weinhardt, Christof, Elsevier, 2020

Wagner, Manuela, 2020

Wagner, Manuela, 2020

Lars Boecking, Patrick Philipp and Cedric Kulbach, 2020

In this work we present Modular Neural Architecture Search (ModNAS), which aims at reducing the complexity of the underlying search space by fostering the reuse of successful neural cells. We define a new modularized search space, which enables efficient search based on strong limitation to predefined building block as well as transferability to novel, unseen tasks. We present a preliminary evaluation of ModNAS for CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and Fashion-MNIST based on modules from the NAS-Bench-101 benchmark, where we alternate between random and pre-ranked retrieval based on documented accuracies of CIFAR-10. The results are promising in that we retrieve competitive architectures in 6 GPU hours, which highlights the potential of sophisticated ranking approaches for modules in our framework.

Levina, Olga, 2020

Frank Bieder, Sascha Wirges, Johannes Janosovits, Sven Richter, Zheyuan Wang, Christoph Stiller, 2020

Kroener, Nils and Förderer, Kevin and Lösch, Manuel and Schmeck, Hartmut, 2020

Nils Kroener, Kevin Förderer, Manuel Lösch, Hartmut Schmeck, 2020

The German Smart Meter Gateway (SMGW) infrastructure enables digital access to metering data and distributed energy resources by external parties. There are, however, various restrictions in order to guarantee the privacy of consumers, and strong security requirements. Furthermore, in the current state of development, there are still several challenges to overcome in order to implement demand side management (DSM) measures. In this paper, we present a prototype enabling DSM measures within the SMGW infrastructure, using the smart grid traffic light concept. The prototype implements an automated decentralized energy management system (EMS) that optimally controls an electric vehicle charging station. In the development of this prototype, we did not only evaluate five of the seven available SMGW devices, but also push the limits of the infrastructure itself. The experiments demonstrated the successful implementation of the intended DSM measure by the EMS. Even though there are technical guidelines standardizing the functionality of SMGWs, our evaluation shows that there are substantial differences between the individual SMGW devices.

Christoph Werner, Maria Pieper, Manuela Wagner, 2020

Nadir Khan, Jorge Castro-Godínez, Shixiang Xue, Jörg Henkel, and Jürgen Becker, 2020

Matthias Kern, Thomas Glock, Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Bo Liu, Jürgen Becker, Eric Sax, 2020

Due to increasing networking and new vertical communication paths from the field level to the cloud, Industry 4.0 systems are increasingly exposed to cyber threats. Security by Design is the principle of remedying security risks during the planning phase. For this purpose, security analyses are used, ranging from the identification and evaluation of the assets and their threats, to the definition of security requirements and the selection of suitable counter-measures. With increasing plant size it can become a challenge in document-based approaches to describe the security considerations and design decisions from the early design phases in a manner which is consistent with the IT-architecture of the plant and comprehensible over the plant life cycle. In this article, a model-based approach is proposed to meet this challenge.

Lars Böcking, Patrick Philipp, 2020

Clinical pathways describe the treatment procedure for a patient from a medical point of view. Based on the patient's condition, a decision is made about the next actions to be carried out. Such recurring sequential process decisions could well be outsourced to a reinforcement learning agent, but the patient's safety should always be the main consideration when suggesting activities. The development of individual pathways is also cost and time intensive, therefore a smart agent could support and relieve physicians. In addition, not every patient reacts in the same way to a clinical intervention, so the personalization of a clinical pathway should be given attention. In this paper we address with the fundamental problem that the use of reinforcement learning agents in the specification of clinical pathways should provide an individual optimal proposal within the limits of safety constraints. Imitating the decisions of physicians can guarantee safety but not optimality. Therefore, we present an approach that ensures compliance with health critical rules without limiting the exploration of the optimum. We evaluate our approach on open source gym environment where we are able to show that our adaptation of behavior cloning not only adheres better to safety regulations, but also manages to better explore the space of the optimum in the collective rewards.

G. Bolano, A. Roennau, R. Dillmann, 2020

Robotic systems are complex and commonly require experts to program the motions and interactions between all the different components. Operators with programming skills are usually needed to make the robot perform a new task or even to apply small changes in its current behavior. For this reason many tools have been developed to ease the programming of robotic systems. Online programming methods rely on the use of the robot in order to move it to the desired configurations. On the other hand, simulation-based methods enable the offline teaching of the needed program without involving the actual hardware setup. Virtual Reality (VR) allows the user to program a robot safely and effortlessly, without the need to move the real manipulator. However, online programming methods are needed for on-site adjustments, but a common interface between these two methods is usually not available. In this work we propose a VR-based framework for programming robotic tasks. The system architecture deployed allows the integration of the defined programs into existing tools for online teaching and execution on the real hardware. The proposed virtual environment enables the intuitive definition of the entire task workflow, without the need to involve the real setup. The bilateral communication between this component and the robotic hardware allows the user to introduce changes in the virtual environment, as well into the real system. In this way, they can both be updated with the latest changes and used in a interchangeable way, exploiting the advantages of both methods in a flexible manner.

Becker C.,Wins A.,Meschini L., Schäfer T., 2020

Steven de Jongh, Tobias Riedel, Felicitas Mueller, Ala Eddine Yacoub, Michael Suriyah, Thomas Leibfried, 2020

David Sayah and Stefan Irnich, 2019

This paper studies optimal booking policies for capacity control models in revenue management with two substitutable resources. Our model covers a broader class of problems than previous works including (i) flexible demand and opaque selling for (ii) both dynamic and static demand settings. We provide a unifying characterization of the structure of optimal booking control by exploiting concavity, submodularity, and subconcavity of the value function. Our characterization is based on the notion of optimal “booking paths” formalizing the idea that an optimal allocation of a demand batch decomposes into a sequence of optimal single-request allocations. In addition, we examine the relationship between our booking path-based and a switching curve-based policy, which has been known previously for the case with dynamic demand. We show that both these characterizations describe an optimal policy. Computationally, there is no advantage of implementing either switching curves or booking paths in the dynamic setting. In the static setting, however, one can resort to the simple criteria which we propose in order to construct the optimal booking paths, thereby accelerating the evaluation of the value function.

Schwab, Stefan and Hohmann, Soeren, 2019

Alpers, Sascha and Pilipchuk, Roman and Oberweis, Andreas and Reussner, Ralf, Springer International Publishing, 2019

Fritz Bräuer, Julian Rominger, Russel McKenna, Wolf Fichtner, 2019

This paper evaluates the economic potential of energy flexibility in 50 different German small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) through the installation of a battery storage system (BSS). The central innovation lies in the possibility of pursuing multiple revenue streams simultaneously: peak shaving, provision of primary control reserve (PCR) and energy-arbitrage-trading through intraday and day-ahead markets. The energy system of an industrial manufacturing plant is modelled as a linear program (LP) with a 15-min resolution. The model offers the option to invest in BSSs with different capacities, with the objective of minimizing the overall cost and identifying the optimal size of the BSS. The results show that none of these three revenue streams individually is economically attractive, but when combined, all three together can achieve profitability for some companies, whereby the majority of the cash flow comes from peak shaving and PCR. With a fixed BSS capacity of 500 kWh, the Net Present Value (NPV) varies from a minimum of 350,000 € for just arbitrage up to about 200,000 € for all three use cases in parallel. In the case of a variable BSS capacity, the capacity varies up to 1200 kWh and the Profitability Index (the ratio of investment to NPV) varies from 0.06 to 0.31. Under current German market conditions, arbitrage trading contributes only marginally to the profitability, as the price spreads are too small to justify stronger battery degradation. The paper also identifies various load indicators from the analysis of the demand profile that support the evaluation of a BSS in industry. A stepwise linear regression reveals a moderate dependency of the BSS profitability on two newly developed load indicators. Future work should focus on a more detailed depiction of the battery’s technical behaviour and increasing the sample size to improve the statistical significance of the results.

Jacques Kaiser and Alexander Friedrich and J. Camilo Vasquez Tieck and Daniel Reichard and Arne Roennau and Emre Neftci and Rüdiger Dillmann, 2019

Julius Kümmerle, Marc Sons, Fabian Poggenhans, Tilman Kühner, Martin Lauer and Christoph Stiller, 2019

Pnina Soffer and Annika Hinze and Agnes Koschmider and Holger Ziekow and Claudio Di Ciccio and Boris Koldehofe and Oliver Kopp and Hans-Arno Jacobsen and Jan Sürmeli and Wei Song, 2019

Kevin Förderer, Manuel Lösch, Ralf Növer, Marilen Ronczka, Hartmut Schmeck, 2019

The introduction of Smart Meter Gateways (SMGWs) to buildings and households creates new opportunities and challenges for energy management systems. While SMGWs provide interfaces for accessing recorded information and enable communication to external parties, they also restrict data access to protect the privacy of inhabitants and facility owners. This paper presents an analysis of options for integrating automated (Building) Energy Management Systems (EMSs) into the smart meter architecture based on the technical guidelines for SMGWs by the German Federal Office for Information Security (“Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik”, BSI). It shows that there are multiple ways for integrating automated EMSs into the German smart metering architecture, although each option comes with its own advantages and restrictions. By providing a detailed discussion of trade-offs, this paper supports EMS designers that will be confronted with differing freedoms and limitations depending on the integration option.

Röder, Benedict and Kersten, Nicolas and Herr, Marius and Speicher, Nora K and Pfeifer, Nico, 2019

More and more affordable high-throughput techniques for measuring molecular features of biomedical samples have led to a huge increase in availability and size of different types of multi-omic datasets, containing, for example, genetic or histone modification data. Due to the multi-view characteristic of the data, established approaches for exploratory analysis are not directly applicable. Here we present web-rMKL, a web server that provides an integrative dimensionality reduction with subsequent clustering of samples based on data from multiple inputs. The underlying machine learning method rMKL-LPP performed best for clinical enrichment in a recent benchmark of state-of-the-art multi-view clustering algorithms. The method was introduced for a multi-omic cancer subtype discovery setting, however, it is not limited to this application scenario as exemplified by a presented use case for stem cell differentiation. web-rMKL offers an intuitive interface for uploading data and setting the parameters. rMKL-LPP runs on the back end and the user may receive notifications once the results are available. We also introduce a preprocessing tool for generating kernel matrices from tables containing numerical feature values. This program can be used to generate admissible input if no precomputed kernel matrices are available. The web server is freely available at web-rMKL.org.

Mengelkamp, Esther and Schönland, Thomas and Huber, Julian and Weinhardt, Christof, 2019

Mengelkamp, Esther and Diesing, Julius and Weinhardt, Christof, 2019

Mengelkamp, Esther and Ludwig, Nicole and Dvorkin, Yury and Hagenmeyer, Veit and Weinhardt, Christof, 2019

Mengelkamp, Esther and Schlund, David and Weinhardt, Christof, 2019

Kirpes, Benedikt and Mengelkamp, Esther and Becker, Christian and Weinhardt, Christof and Schaal, Georg, 2019

Tieck, J. Camilo Vasquez and Steffen, Lea and Kaiser, Jacques and Reichard, Daniel and Roennau, Arne and Dillmann, Ruediger, IGI Global, 2019

Lea Steffen, Daniel Reichard, Jakob Weinland, Jacques Kaiser, Arne Roennau, Rüdiger Dillmann, 2019

Any visual sensor, whether artificial or biological, maps the 3D-world on a 2D-representation. The missing dimension is depth and most species use stereo vision to recover it. Stereo vision implies multiple perspectives and matching, hence it obtains depth from a pair of images. Algorithms for stereo vision are also used prosperously in robotics. Although, biological systems seem to compute disparities effortless, artificial methods suffer from high energy demands and latency. The crucial part is the correspondence problem; finding the matching points of two images. The development of event-based cameras, inspired by the retina, enables the exploitation of an additional physical constraint – time. Due to their asynchronous course of operation, considering the precise occurrence of spikes, Spiking Neural Networks take advantage of this constraint. In this work, we investigate sensors and algorithms for event-based stereo vision leading to more biologically plausible robots. Hereby, we focus mainly on binocular stereovision.

Förderer, Kevin and Lösch, Manuel and Növer, Ralf and Ronczka, Marilen and Schmeck, Hartmut, 2019

The introduction of Smart Meter Gateways (SMGWs) to buildings and households creates new opportunities and challenges for energy management systems. While SMGWs provide interfaces for accessing recorded information and enable communication to external parties, they also restrict data access to protect the privacy of inhabitants and facility owners. This paper presents an analysis of options for integrating automated (Building) Energy Management Systems (EMSs) into the smart meter architecture based on the technical guidelines for SMGWs by the German Federal Office for Information Security (“Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik”, BSI). It shows that there are multiple ways for integrating automated EMSs into the German smart metering architecture, although each option comes with its own advantages and restrictions. By providing a detailed discussion of trade-offs, this paper supports EMS designers that will be confronted with differing freedoms and limitations depending on the integration option.

Patrick Petersen, Stefan Otten, Adam Thor Thorgeirsson, Stefan Scheubner, 2019

Der Energieverbrauch eines Elektrofahrzeugs hängt stark von fahrer-, fahrzeug-, strecken- und umgebungsbezogenen Faktoren ab. Das FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik zeigt, wie aufgezeichnete Realdaten aus Fahrzeugen zur simulationsbasierten Absicherung sowie zur Entwicklung und Optimierung einer zuverlässigen und genauen Reichweitenprädiktion beitragen.

Patrick Petersen, Stefan Otten, Adam Thorgeirsson, Stefan Scheubner, 2019

Förderer, Kevin and Schmeck, Hartmut, 2019

Communicating the energetic flexibility of distributed energy resources (DERs) is a key requirement for enabling explicit and targeted requests to steer their behavior. The approach presented in this paper allows the generation of load profiles that are likely to be feasible, which means the load profiles can be reproduced by the respective DERs. It also allows to conduct a targeted search for specific load profiles. Aside from load profiles for individual DERs, load profiles for aggregates of multiple DERs can be generated. We evaluate the approach by training and testing artificial neural networks (ANNs) for three configurations of DERs. Even for aggregates of multiple DERs, ratios of feasible load profiles to the total number of generated load profiles of over 99\% can be achieved. The trained ANNs act as surrogate models for the represented DERs. Using these models, a demand side manager is able to determine beneficial load profiles. The resulting load profiles can then be used as target schedules which the respective DERs must follow.

G. Bolano, C. Juelg, A. Roennau, R. Dillmann, 2019

Most robots consistently repeat their motion without changes in a precise and consistent manner. But nowadays there are also robots able to dynamically change their motion and plan according to the people and environment that surround them. Furthermore, they are able to interact with humans and cooperate with them. With no information about the robot targets and intentions, the user feels uncomfortable even with a safe robot. In close human-robot collaboration, it is very important to make the user able to understand the robot intentions in a quick and intuitive way. In this work we have developed a system to use augmented reality to project directly into the workspace useful information. The robot intuitively shows its planned motion and task state. The AR module interacts with a vision system in order to display the changes in the workspace in a dynamic way. The representation of information about possible collisions and changes of plan allows the human to have a more comfortable and efficient interaction with the robot. The system is evaluated in different setups.

Julia Lange and Frank Werner, 2019

Mengelkamp, Esther and Schönland, Thomas and Huber, Julian and Weinhardt, Christof, Elsevier, 2019

Huber, Julian and Schaule, Elisabeth and Jung, Dominik and Weinhardt, Christof, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2019

G. Bolano, P. Becker, J. Kaiser, A. Roennau, R. Dillmann, 2019

Service robots are becoming able to perform a variety of tasks and they are currently used for many different applications. For this reason people with different backgrounds and also without robotic experience need to interact with them. Enabling the user to control the motion of the robot end-effector, it is important to provide an easy and intuitive interface. In this work we propose an intuitive method for the control of a robot TCP position and orientation. This is done taking into account the robot kinematics in order to avoid dangerous configuration and defining rotational constraints. The user is enabled to interact with the robot and control its end-effector using a set of objects tracked by a camera system. The autonomy level of the robot changes depending on the different phases of the interaction for a better efficiency. An intuitive GUI has been developed to ease the interaction and help the user to achieve a better precision in the control. This is possible also through the scaling of the tracked motion, which is represented as visual feedback. We tested the system through multiple experiments that took into account how people with no experience interact with the robot and the precision of the method.

Kaiser, Jacques and Hoff, Michael and Konle, Andreas and Vasquez Tieck, J. Camilo and Kappel, David and Reichard, Daniel and Subramoney, Anand and Legenstein, Robert and Roennau, Arne and Maass, Wolfgang and Dillmann, Rüdiger, 2019

The endeavor to understand the brain involves multiple collaborating research fields. Classically, synaptic plasticity rules derived by theoretical neuroscientists are evaluated in isolation on pattern classification tasks. This contrasts with the biological brain which purpose is to control a body in closed-loop. This paper contributes to bringing the fields of computational neuroscience and robotics closer together by integrating open-source software components from these two fields. The resulting framework allows to evaluate the validity of biologically-plausibe plasticity models in closed-loop robotics environments. We demonstrate this framework to evaluate Synaptic Plasticity with Online REinforcement learning (SPORE), a reward-learning rule based on synaptic sampling, on two visuomotor tasks: reaching and lane following. We show that SPORE is capable of learning to perform policies within the course of simulated hours for both tasks. Provisional parameter explorations indicate that the learning rate and the temperature driving the stochastic processes that govern synaptic learning dynamics need to be regulated for performance improvements to be retained. We conclude by discussing the recent deep reinforcement learning techniques which would be beneficial to increase the functionality of SPORE on visuomotor tasks.

Bornet, Alban and Kaiser, Jacques and Kroner, Alexander and Falotico, Egidio and Ambrosano, Alessandro and Cantero, Kepa and Herzog, Michael H. and Francis, Gregory, 2019

Traditionally, human vision research has focused on specific paradigms and proposed models to explain very specific properties of visual perception. However, the complexity and scope of modern psychophysical paradigms undermine the success of this approach. For example, perception of an element strongly deteriorates when neighboring elements are presented in addition (visual crowding). As it was shown recently, the magnitude of deterioration depends not only on the directly neighboring elements but on almost all elements and their specific configuration. Hence, to fully explain human visual perception, one needs to take large parts of the visual field into account and combine all the aspects of vision that become relevant at such scale. These efforts require sophisticated and collaborative modeling. The Neurorobotics Platform (NRP) of the Human Brain Project offers a unique opportunity to connect models of all sorts of visual functions, even those developed by different research groups, into a coherently functioning system. Here, we describe how we used the NRP to connect and simulate a segmentation model, a retina model, and a saliency model to explain complex results about visual perception. The combination of models highlights the versatility of the NRP and provides novel explanations for inward-outward anisotropy in visual crowding.

Tieck, J. Camilo Vasquez and Kaiser, Jacques and Steffen, Lea and Schulze, Martin and von Arnim, Axel and Reichard, Daniel and Roennau, Arne and Dillmann, Rüdiger, 2019

Kloker, Simon and Straub, Tim and Weinhardt, Christof, 2019

Steffen Thoma and Andreas Thalhammer and Andreas Harth and Rudi Studer, 2019

Dirk Achenbach and Stefan Krebs, 2019

Olga Levina, Saskia Mattern, Felix Kiefer, 2019

Richter, Sven and Wirges, Sascha and Königshof, Hendrik and Stiller, Christoph, De Gruyter, 2019

Vilnai-Yavetz, Iris and Levina, Olga, 2018

Anne Meyer, Suad Sejdovic, Katharina Glock, Matthias Bender, Natalja Kleiner, Dominik Riemer, Springer, 2018

Matthias Bender and Jörg Kalcsics and Stefan Nickel and Martin Pouls, 2018

Matthias Bender, Jörg Kalcsics, Stefan Nickel, Martin Pouls, 2018

A problem that arises in the context of multi-period service territory design is the scheduling of customer visits. In this problem, customer visits must be assigned to the days of the planning horizon subject to customer-specific requirements. We consider a highly relevant planning scenario of this problem and present an exact branch-and-price algorithm. We propose specialized acceleration techniques, particularly a fast pricing heuristic and techniques to reduce the symmetry inherent to the problem. Experiments on real-world data sets show that instances with up to 55 customers and a planning horizon of four weeks with five days per week can be solved to optimality in reasonable running times.

Kevin Laubis, Marcel Konstantinov, Viliam Simko, Alexander Gröschel and Christof Weinhardt, 2018

Bastian Amberg and Boris Amberg and Natalia Kliewer, 2018

This work examines combined vehicle and crew scheduling in public bus transit in the context of both robust and cost-efficient resource allocation. Cost-efficiency in terms of minimal planned costs for resource usage is already addressed in numerous contributions providing increasingly sophisticated optimization approaches that are able to compute highly efficient resource schedules. Unfortunately, during operations the resulting tight resource schedules are generally more susceptible to disruptions causing delays or even cascades of delays. Because of dependencies between scheduled vehicles and drivers, even small delays may propagate through the entire network. However, to date there is only little research assessing schedule robustness against disruptions and delays, affecting both vehicle and crew schedules. We consider the mutual dependencies between vehicle and crew schedules and propose solution approaches that are able to consider the propagation of possible delays. The approaches are used to create cost-efficient resource schedules simultaneously capable to absorb delays and to prevent delay propagation. In particular, we present a fully integrated vehicle and crew scheduling approach. To analyze problem characteristics we investigate to what extent sequential, partially integrated, and integrated vehicle and crew scheduling lead to schedules with different quality. Numerical experiments using real-world problem instances examine the influence of these different scheduling schemes on robustness and cost-efficiency. The results stress the relevance of incorporating possible delay propagation when scheduling resources in (especially urban) public transportation. Compared to pure cost-efficient scheduling, the expected delay propagation can be decreased drastically without additional costs. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0757.

Falko Düsterhöft, Thomas Heger, Julia Hofmockel, Philipp-Armand Klee, Christian Klöpfer, Kevin Laubis, Michael Schmidt-Sautter, Johannes Masino, 2018

Modern vehicles are equipped with numerous sensors as standard, which enable them to detect the operating condition and, to a certain extent, the surroundings of the vehicles. This study examined the possibility to estimate the quality and condition of road transport infrastructure and its changes by evaluating data of standard vehicle sensors. The innovative approach of such a near real-time based condition monitoring is the acquisition and preparation of vehicle-based sensor data, as well as the evaluation and mapping of infrastructure specific characteristics and their attributes from moving traffic. A further advantage of the approach is a database, which stores the information extracted from the sensor signals in near real-time and allows statistical evaluations, detection of specific events as well as trend analyses. Furthermore, the results can be improved in the back-end by combining the data from many vehicles and drives.

Julian Bitterwolf, Evgenia Rusak, Sebastian Reiter, Alexander Viehl, Oliver Bringmann, 2018

Intelligent and interconnected cyber physical systems are a key enabler for future cost-efficient, automated and flexible industrial production systems. Predictive maintenance and condition monitoring are important techniques in order to reduce costs associated with unnecessary maintenance or premature breakdowns. In this paper, we propose techniques from supervised learning for automated malfunctioning detection. For that purpose, we train an artificial neural network on time series data representing the internal system behavior. We present experimental results from an industrial motor control system. We use a digital twin of the electronic component that models the relevant features of the physical system. The obtained information can be used during the runtime of technical systems and installations for a criticality analysis and the subsequent selection of measures.

Dücker, J.; Siebe J., 2018

Die Erhebung und Auswertung von Kundenfeedback ist im industriellen Kontext eine wertvolle Grundlage zur Verbesserung von Produkten und Prozessen. Doch besteht an vielen Stellen noch Verbesserungsbedarf, speziell in der Möbelbranche. Im Forschungsprojekt FURNeCorp ist ein Konsortium bestehend aus Domänenexperten, IT-Dienstleistern und Wissenschaftlern die Herausforderung angegangen, den Einsatz von Standards zu fördern und die Prozesse für ein PLM-orientiertes Feedbackmanagement zu verbessern.

Martijn Rooker and Pablo Horstrand and Aythami Salvador Rodriguez and Sebastian Lopez and Roberto Sarmiento and Jose Lopez and Ray Alejandro Lattarulo and Joshue Manuel Perez Rastelli and Jose Matute and Zora Slavik and David, 2018

Martin Friedrich Holder and Vamsi Prakash Makkapati and Philipp Rosenberger and Thomas D’hondt and Zora Slavik and Franz Michael Maier and Helmut Schreiber and Zoltan Magosi and Hermann Winner and Oliver Bringmann and Wolfgan, 2018

Ali Ahari, Alexander Viehl, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2018

Semiconductor technology has to be qualified under the harsh temperature conditions required by the AEC-Q100 qualification standard before it is applied in the automotive sector. In this paper, we propose a framework to assess different semiconductor technologies for typical automotive electronics components considering both AEC-Q100 temperature specifications and real world automotive environmental temperature profiles as given by mission profiles. The results of the use-case on SRAM indicate that the conventional qualification process based on AEC-Q100 significantly underestimates the reliability of advanced semiconductor technologies and prevents their application in automotive electronics. Qualification based on AEC-Q100 also slightly underestimates the power and performance, however, the amount of underestimation reduces by technology scaling. In addition, our analysis shows that technology scaling does not lead to a performance boost in typical automotive applications due to severe reliability challenges of advanced technology nodes in automotive environments. As a consequence, we consider mission profile-based technology assessment as a promising alternative to the qualification of semiconductor technologies in automotive applications.

Simon Fritz; Jana Dücker, 2018

Developing individualized and customer oriented products is more important than ever before. In addition, there is the change towards continuous digitization and interconnection of products. All this makes robust requirements management indispensable, which is why solutions are needed that also enable small and medium- sized companies to manage their requirements adequately and efficiently. For this reason, the FZI is researching assistance systems to provide methodological and context-sensitive support for RE tasks. Notwendigkeit von Assistenzsystemen zur durchgängigen Digitalisierung des Anforderungsmanagement: Kontextsensitive Unterstützung von AM-Aufgaben | Request PDF. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326055218_Notwendigkeit_von_Assistenzsystemen_zur_durchgangigen_Digitalisierung_des_Anforderungsmanagement_Kontextsensitive_Unterstutzung_von_AM-Aufgaben [accessed Oct 07 2018].

Kevin Förderer, Mischa Ahrens, Kaibin Bao, Ingo Mauser, Hartmut Schmeck, 2018

The flexibility of distributed energy resources (DERs) can be modeled in various ways. Each model that can be used for creating feasible load profiles of a DER represents a potential model for the flexibility of that particular DER. Based on previous work, this paper presents generalized patterns for exploiting such models. Subsequently, the idea of using artificial neural networks in such patterns is evaluated. We studied different types and topologies of ANNs for the presented realization patterns and multiple device configurations, achieving a remarkably precise representation of the given devices in most of the cases. Overall, there was no single best ANN topology. Instead, a suitable individual topology had to be found for every pattern and device configuration. In addition to the best performing ANNs for each pattern and configuration that is presented in this paper all data from our experiments is published online. The paper is concluded with an evaluation of a classification based pattern using data of a real combined heat and power plant in a smart building.

Huber, Julian and Weinhardt, Christof, 2018

G. Bolano, A. Roennau, R. Dillmann , 2018

Nowadays robots are able to work safely close to humans. They are light-weight, intrinsically safe and capable of avoiding obstacles as well as understand and predict human motions. In this collaborative scenario, the communication between humans and robots is a fundamental aspect to achieve good efficiency and ergonomics in the task execution. A lot of research has been made related to robot understanding and prediction of the human behavior, allowing the robot to replan its motion trajectories. This work is focused on the communication of the robot's intentions to the human to make its goals and planned trajectories easily understandable. Visual and acoustic information has been added to give the human an intuitive feedback to immediately understand the robot's plan. This allows a better interaction and makes the humans feel more comfortable, without any feeling of anxiety related to the unpredictability of the robot motion. Experiments have been conducted in a collaborative assembly scenario. The results of these tests were collected in questionnaires, in which the humans reported the differences and improvements they experienced using the feedback communication system.

G. Bolano, A. Tanev, L. Steffen, A. Roennau, R. Dillmann, 2018

Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) plays an important and growing role, both in industrial applications and in game development. Over recent years, robots can be controlled by gestures via special devices, but these methods are not intuitive and require usually a learning phase. This paper proposes an intuitive method for controlling a robot end-effector using human gestures. Vision based techniques were used to track the position of the user's hand, which is directly translated in control signals. The use of a 3D camera sensor allows to easily control the robot tool position in all dimensions. Our approach includes a Graphical User Interface (GUI), to ease the control through interactive, visual feedback. This interface, including 3D markers, text messages and the visualization of the user's point cloud and the robot model, enables a control mechanism which does not require a teaching phase. Our approach was tested and evaluated using realistic experiments to prove that our approach works reliably and is extremely intuitive.

Julius Kümmerle, Tilman Kühner and Martin Lauer, 2018

Manuela Wagner, Corinna Brecht, Oliver Raabe, 2018

Corinna, Brecht, Anne-Tabea, Steinbrück, Manuela, Wagner, 2018

Alexander Naumann, Oliver Kolb, Matteo Semplice, 2018

Herlan, Anne and Ottenbacher, Jörg and Schneider, Johannes and Riemann, Dieter and Feige, Bernd, 2018

Felix Brandt and Stefan Nickel, 2018

This work describes the operational load planning problems of air cargo carriers. In the literature the term air cargo loading is used ambiguously for different subproblems that appear during the load planning process for a flight. In its entirety the problem has not yet been the subject of published research. This work introduces the overall problem, the planning decisions, the objectives of the involved stakeholders, and the restrictions occurring in practice. It reviews and categorizes related literature dealing with similar problems or subproblems. The typical problem setting in practice is analyzed to get insights into the real world problem and a large benchmark dataset is presented. Finally, challenges of the current planning practice and research gaps are highlighted.

G. Bolano, A. Tanev, L. Steffen, A. Roennau, R. Dillmann, 2018

Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) plays an important and growing role, both in industrial applications and in game development. Over recent years, robots can be controlled by gestures via special devices, but these methods are not intuitive and require usually a learning phase. This paper proposes an intuitive method for controlling a robot end-effector using human gestures. Vision based techniques were used to track the position of the user's hand, which is directly translated in control signals. The use of a 3D camera sensor allows to easily control the robot tool position in all dimensions. Our approach includes a Graphical User Interface (GUI), to ease the control through interactive, visual feedback. This interface, including 3D markers, text messages and the visualization of the user's point cloud and the robot model, enables a control mechanism which does not require a teaching phase. Our approach was tested and evaluated using realistic experiments to prove that our approach works reliably and is extremely intuitive.

Kaiser, Jacques and Mostafa, Hesham and Neftci, Emre, 2018

\"Omer Sahin Tas and Niels Ole Salscheider and Fabian Poggenhans and Sascha Wirges and Claudio Bandera and Marc Rene Zofka and Tobias Strauss and Johann Marius Zöllner and Christoph Stiller, 2018

Jonas Fegert, 2018

Philipp Fath, 2018

Artem Polyvyanyy and Jan Sürmeli and Matthias Weidlich, 2018

Jan Sürmeli and Stefan Jähnichen, 2018

Timon Hackenjos and Jeremias Mechler and Jochen Rill, 2018

Meyer, Anne and Sejdovic, Suad and Glock, Katharina and Bender, Matthias and Kleiner, Natalja and Riemer, Dominik, 2018

Production processes in the automotive industry are highly dependent on reliable inbound logistics processes, because in lean production systems delays or mistakes often result in expensive interruptions of production processes. However, transport processes are always subject to unavoidable disturbances, delays, or mistakes. The goal of the research project ProveIT is to provide an IT system improving the transparency by monitoring transport processes in real-time: deviations from the transport plans are identified predictively, and classified dynamically as disruptions if they have negative impacts on the subsequent processes. If a disruption occurs, the operations managers are provided with mitigation actions automatically generated by escalation-based online optimization algorithms. In this contribution, we introduce the use cases, the architecture and main concepts of the ProveIT disruption management system, and report on challenges faced during field experiments with our application partners, Bosch, ZF, and Geis.

Mengelkamp, Esther and Gärttner, Johannes and Rock, Kerstin and Kessler, Scott and Orsini, Lawrence and Weinhardt, Christof, Elsevier, 2018

Mengelkamp, Esther and Notheisen, Benedikt and Beer, Carolin and Dauer, David and Weinhardt, Christof, Springer, 2018

Barth, Lukas and Ludwig, Nicole and Mengelkamp, Esther and Staudt, Philipp, Springer, 2018

Mengelkamp, Esther and Bose, Samrat and Kremers, Enrique and Eberbach, Jan and Hoffmann, Bastian and Weinhardt, Christof, Springer, 2018

Tieck, J Camilo Vasquez and Steffen, Lea and Kaiser, Jacques and Arne, Roenau and Dillmann, Rüdiger, 2018

Ahari, Ali and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, Pergamon, 2018

Förderer, Kevin and Ahrens, Mischa and Bao, Kaibin and Mauser, Ingo and Schmeck, Hartmut, 2018

The flexibility of distributed energy resources (DERs) can be modeled in various ways. Each model that can be used for creating feasible load profiles of a DER represents a potential model for the flexibility of that particular DER. Based on previous work, this paper presents generalized patterns for exploiting such models. Subsequently, the idea of using artificial neural networks in such patterns is evaluated. We studied different types and topologies of ANNs for the presented realization patterns and multiple device configurations, achieving a remarkably precise representation of the given devices in most of the cases. Overall, there was no single best ANN topology. Instead, a suitable individual topology had to be found for every pattern and device configuration. In addition to the best performing ANNs for each pattern and configuration that is presented in this paper all data from our experiments is published online. The paper is concluded with an evaluation of a classification based pattern using data of a real combined heat and power plant in a smart building.

Dahm, M. & Dregger, A. , 2018

Wie stehen Bewerber zum Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) im Recruiting? Eine Umfrage zeigt, ob und unter welchen Umständen KI im Bewerbungsprozess akzeptiert wird.

Dahm M. & Dregger, A., 2018

Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie sind Personal-Verantwortlicher und erhalten auf eine ausgeschriebene Stelle für Berufseinsteiger 3.000 Bewerbungen. Sie können sich hinsetzen und jede einzelne Bewerbung überfliegen, aber der Zeitaufwand ist enorm und je mehr Bewerbungen Sie gesehen haben, umso schwerer wird die Entscheidung. Am Ende dieses Vorauswahlprozesses kann es leicht passieren, dass geeignete Kandidaten „auf der Strecke bleiben“ und aus dem weiteren Recruiting-Prozess ausgeschlossen werden. Wie kann man im „war for talent“ verhindern, dass so etwas passiert?

Dahm, M. & Dregger, A. , 2018

Timon Hackenjos and Jeremias Mechler and Jochen Rill, 2018

Wagenknecht, Thomas and Filpe, Ren\'e and Weinhardt, Christof, 2017

Julian Rominger, Csaba Farkas, 2017

Electric vehicles (EV) are treated as a breakthrough technology in the automotive market. The novelty of this technology also implicates that the incidence of these vehicles worldwide is still low. An important issue regarding EVs is the existence of proper charging infrastructure as waiting at charging stations due to an inadequate number of chargers can discourage EV owners. However, as the number of EVs and charging stations are low at present, real world experience is not available, so computer simulations are required for the planning of such charging stations. We developed a stochastic model in this paper that includes driving and charging behaviour of EV owners in Japan. The model is based on Monte Carlo methods and was implemented in MATLAB. We conducted simulations with this model to find out whether the existing infrastructure is adequate for the charging of a large number of EVs. The results indicate that Japan is well prepared for an increase in plug-in vehicles (PHEVs) in the near future: currently the country has 6 fast chargers for 100 electric cars and for this ratio - on average -, waiting probability at DC (direct current) fast chargers ranges lower than 5%, which is an acceptable value for EV owners. If, however, the ratio decreases, waiting probability increases exponentially.

Bruns, J. , Simko, V., 2017

Rußig, J., Bruns, J., 2017

Ömer Sahin Tas, Niels Ole Salscheider, Fabian Poggenhans, Sascha Wirges, Claudio Bandera, Marc René Zofka, Tobias Strauss, J. Marius Zöllner and Christoph Stiller, IEEE, 2017

Brandon Broadnax and Jeremias Mechler and Jörn Müller-Quade and Matthias Nagel and Jochen Rill, 2017

Jacques Kaiser and Rainer Stal and Anand Subramoney and Arne Roennau and Rüdiger Dillmann, 2017

Braun, Meike and Kramer, Jochen, 2017

Spielzeiten von RBGs sind in der heutigen Zeit ein entscheidendes, markendifferenzierendes Kriterium bei der Abnahme von Lagerdurchsätzen. In diesem Beitrag werden die aktuellen Forschungsergebnisse zur Spielzeitanalyse an RBGs vorgestellt sowie Begründungen und Antworten auf die Leitfragen gegeben: Wie groß ist der Unterschied der mittleren Spielzeiten beim Einzelspiel zwischen Realität und Theorie?

Dirk Achenbach and Ingmar Baumgart and Jochen Rill, 2017

Levina, Olga and Vilnai-Yavetz, Iris, 2017

Müller, Karin and Petrausch, Vanessa and Jaworek, Gerhard and Henß, Jörg and Seifermann, Stephan and Loitsch, Claudia and Stiefelhagen, Rainer, 2017

Vasquez Tieck, J. Camilo and Donat, Heiko and Kaiser, Jacques and Peric, Igor and Ulbrich, Stefan and Roennau, Arne and Marius, Zöllner and Dillmann, Rüdiger, 2017

Kaiser, Jacques and Zimmerer, David and Tieck, J Camilo Vasquez and Ulbrich, Stefan and Roennau, Arne and Dillmann, Rüdiger, 2017

Georg Hinkel and Thomas Goldschmidt and Erik Burger and Ralf Reussner, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2017

Georg Hinkel and Erik Burger, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2017

Jan Novacek, Alexander Viehl, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2017

This article presents an ontology-supported approach to tackle the complexity of the Robustness Validation (RV) process of automotive electrical/electronic (E/E) components. The approach uses formalized knowledge from the RV process and stress, operating, and load profiles, so-called Mission Profiles (MPs). In contrast to the error-prone industrially established manual procedure, we show how component characteristics are formalized in OWL in order to form the foundation of an efficient automated analysis selection and decision support during the RV process. Additionally, a rule-based transformation of component characteristics upon propagation via SWRL is described. The proposed approach is based on the idea of mapping MPs to an OWL representation in order to allow to execute semantic queries against MP data to improve their integration into the RV process. The resulting ontology-supported application framework has been applied to an industrial use-case from automotive power electronics. A generalization of the approach is described and demonstrated by applying it to stress test selection within the AEC Q100 standard. We present experimental results showing that the RV process can be significantly improved in terms of reduced design time and increased exhaustiveness by automating the analyses selection step and the provisioning of all the relevant data to be used.

Jóakim von Kistowski and Nikolas Herbst and Samuel Kounev and Henning Groenda and Christian Stier and Stebastian Lehrig, ACM, 2017

Today's system developers and operators face the challenge of creating software systems that make efficient use of dynamically allocated resources under highly variable and dynamic load profiles, while at the same time delivering reliable performance. Autonomic controllers, e.g., an advanced auto-scaling mechanism in a cloud computing context, can benefit from an abstracted load model as knowledge to reconfigure on time and precisely. Existing workload characterization approaches have limited support to capture variations the inter-arrival times of incoming work units over time (i.e., a variable load profile). For example, industrial and scientific benchmarks support constant or stepwise increasing load, or inter-arrival times defined by statistical distributions or recorded traces. These options show shortcomings either in representative character of load variation patterns or in abstraction and flexibility of their format. In this article, we present the Descartes Load Intensity Model (DLIM) approach addressing these issues. DLIM provides a modeling formalism for describing load intensity variations over time. A DLIM instance is a compact formal description of a load intensity trace. DLIM-based tools provide features for benchmarking, performance and recorded load intensity trace analysis. As manually obtaining and maintaining DLIM instances becomes time consuming, we contribute three automated extraction methods and devised metrics for comparison and method selection. We discuss how these features are used to enhance system management approaches for adaptations during run-time, and how they are integrated into simulation contexts and enable benchmarking of elastic or adaptive behavior. We show that automatically extracted DLIM instances exhibit an average modeling error of 15.2\% over ten different real-world traces that cover between two weeks and seven months. These results underline DLIM model expressiveness. In terms of accuracy and processing speed, our proposed extraction methods for the descriptive models are comparable to existing time series decomposition methods. Additionally, we illustrate DLIM applicability by outlining approaches of workload modeling in systems engineering that employ or rely on our proposed load intensity modeling formalism.

Stefan Koehler and Alexander Viehl and Oliver Bringmann and Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2017

Novacek, Jan and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, World Scientific Publishing Company, 2017

Koehler, Stefan and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, IEEE, 2017

Bringmann, Oliver and Ottlik, Sebastian and Viehl, Alexander, Springer Netherlands, 2017

Meyer, Anne and Amberg, Boris, Elsevier, 2017

Egidio Falotico and Lorenzo Vannucci and Alessandro Ambrosano and Ugo Albanese and Stefan Ulbrich and Juan Camilo Vasquez Tieck and Georg Hinkel and Jacques Kaiser and Igor Peric and Oliver Denninger and Nino Cauli et al., 2017

Combined efforts in the fields of neuroscience, computer science and biology allowed to design biologically realistic models of the brain based on spiking neural networks. For a proper validation of these models, an embodiment in a dynamic and rich sensory environment, where the model is exposed to a realistic sensory-motor task, is needed. Due to the complexity of these brain models that, at the current stage, cannot deal with real-time constraints, it is not possible to embed them into a real world task. Rather, the embodiment has to be simulated as well. While adequate tools exist to simulate either complex neural networks or robots and their environments, there is so far no tool that allows to easily establish a communication between brain and body models. The Neurorobotics Platform is a new web-based environment that aims to filling this gap by offering scientists and technology developers a software infrastructure allowing them to connect brain models to detailed simulations of robot bodies and environments and to use the resulting neurorobotic systems for in-silico experimentation. In order to simplify the workflow and reduce the level of the required programming skills, the platform provides editors for the specification of experimental sequences and conditions, envi-ronments, robots, and brain-body connectors. In addition to that, a variety of existing robots and environments are provided. This work presents the architecture of the first release of the Neurorobotics Platform developed in subproject 10 “Neurorobotics” of the Human Brain Project (HBP). At the current state, the Neurorobotics Platform allows researchers to design and run basic experiments in neurorobotics using simulated robots and simulated environments linked to simplified versions of brain models. We illustrate the capabilities of the platform with three example experiments: a Braitenberg task implemented on a mobile robot, a sensory-motor learning task based on a robotic controller and a visual tracking embedding a retina model on the iCub humanoid robot. These use-cases allow to assess the applicability of the Neurorobotics Platform for robotic tasks as well as in neuroscientific experiments.

Hinkel, Georg and Groenda, Henning and Krach, Sebastian and Vannucci, Lorenzo and Denninger, Oliver and Cauli, Nino and Ulbrich, Stefan and Roennau, Arne and Falotico, Egidio and Gewaltig, Marc-Oliver and others, Springer, 2017

L. Pfotzer and S. Klemm and A. Roennau and J.M. Zöllner and R. Dillmann, 2017

Ömer Sahin Tas, Niels Ole Salscheider, Fabian Poggenhans, Sascha Wirges, Claudio Bandera, Marc René Zofka, Tobias Strauss, J. Marius Zöllner, Christoph Stiller., 2017

Anne Meyer, Suad Sejdovic, Katharina Glock, Matthias Bender, Natalja Kleiner, Dominik Riemer, 2017

David Sayah and Stefan Irnich, 2017

This paper addresses the discrete p-dispersion problem (PDP) which is about selecting p facilities from a given set of candidates in such a way that the minimum distance between selected facilities is maximized. We propose a new compact formulation for this problem. In addition, we discuss two simple enhancements of the new formulation: Simple bounds on the optimal distance can be exploited to reduce the size and to increase the tightness of the model at a relatively low cost of additional computation time. Moreover, the new formulation can be further strengthened by adding valid inequalities. We present a computational study carried out over a set of large-scale test instances in order to compare the new formulation against a standard mixed-integer programming model of the PDP, a line search, and a binary search. Our numerical results indicate that the new formulation in combination with the simple bounds is solved to optimality by an out-of-the-box mixed-integer programming solver in 34 out of 40 instances, while this is neither possible with the standard model nor with the search procedures. For instances in which the line and binary search fail to find a provably optimal solution, we achieve this by adding cuts to our enhanced formulation. With the new techniques we are able to exactly solve instances of one order of magnitude larger than previously solved in the literature.

Ass. iur. Anne Steinbrück, Dipl.-Jur. Daniel Vonderau und Rechtsanwalt Dr. Christian Karl, 2017

Sascha Wirges, Björn Roxin, Eike Rehder, Tilman Kühner and Martin Lauer, 2017

Kaibin Bao, Hristo Valev, Manuela Wagner, Hartmut Schmeck, 2017

Sascha Alpers, Maria Pieper und Manuela Wagner, 2017

Jan Sürmeli and Uwe Der and Stefan Jähnichen and Andreas Vogelsang, 2017

Uwe Der and Stefan Jähnichen and Jan Sürmeli, 2017

Mengelkamp, Esther and Notheisen, Benedikt and Beer, Carolin and Dauer, David and Weinhardt, Christof, Springer, 2017

Falotico, Egidio and Vannucci, Lorenzo and Ambrosano, Alessandro and Albanese, Ugo and Ulbrich, Stefan and Tieck, J. Camilo Vasquez and Hinkel, Georg and Kaiser, Jacques and Peric, Igor and Denninger, Oliver and Cauli, Nino a, 2017

Tieck, J. Camilo Vasquez and Donat, Heiko and Kaiser, Jacques and Roennau, Arne and Dillmann, Rüdiger Ruediger and Peric, Igor and Ulbrich, Stefan and Roennau, Arne and Zöllner, Marius and Dillmann, Rüdiger Ruediger, 2017

Förderer, Kevin and Schmeck, Hartmut, 2017

The BDEW smart grid traffic light concept is a framework to tackle some of the challenges posed by the transition of the energy system. In the project grid-control a system based on this concept has been implemented. This paper gives an overview of the system and outlines the building energy management system (BEMS) that will be installed and tested in a district battery storage system and five households as a part of this system. The BEMS utilizes a generic interface for exchanging and scheduling flexibility. The interface is based on an ideal battery model with time dependent constraints for power and energy. Daily, a schedule forecast for the following day is created by maximizing self-consumption utilizing consumption and production forecasts and locally available flexibility. An aggregated flexibility is then derived from this schedule forecast. The aggregated flexibility combined with the schedule forecast serve as basis for the actual schedule that is issued to the BEMS. Goal of the BEMS is schedule compliance while permitted by the traffic light phase.

Falotico, Egidio and Vannucci, Lorenzo and Ambrosano, Alessandro and Albanese, Ugo and Ulbrich, Stefan and Vasquez Tieck, Juan Camilo and Hinkel, Georg and Kaiser, Jacques and Peric, Igor and Denninger, Oliver and Cauli, Nino, 2017

Combined efforts in the fields of neuroscience, computer science, and biology allowed to design biologically realistic models of the brain based on spiking neural networks. For a proper validation of these models, an embodiment in a dynamic and rich sensory environment, where the model is exposed to a realistic sensory-motor task, is needed. Due to the complexity of these brain models that, at the current stage, cannot deal with real-time constraints, it is not possible to embed them into a real-world task. Rather, the embodiment has to be simulated as well. While adequate tools exist to simulate either complex neural networks or robots and their environments, there is so far no tool that allows to easily establish a communication between brain and body models. The Neurorobotics Platform is a new web-based environment that aims to fill this gap by offering scientists and technology developers a software infrastructure allowing them to connect brain models to detailed simulations of robot bodies and environments and to use the resulting neurorobotic systems for in silico experimentation. In order to simplify the workflow and reduce the level of the required programming skills, the platform provides editors for the specification of experimental sequences and conditions, environments, robots, and brain–body connectors. In addition to that, a variety of existing robots and environments are provided. This work presents the architecture of the first release of the Neurorobotics Platform developed in subproject 10 “Neurorobotics” of the Human Brain Project (HBP).¹ At the current state, the Neurorobotics Platform allows researchers to design and run basic experiments in neurorobotics using simulated robots and simulated environments linked to simplified versions of brain models. We illustrate the capabilities of the platform with three example experiments: a Braitenberg task implemented on a mobile robot, a sensory-motor learning task based on a robotic controller, and a visual tracking embedding a retina model on the iCub humanoid robot. These use-cases allow to assess the applicability of the Neurorobotics Platform for robotic tasks as well as in neuroscientific experiments.

Steffen Thoma and Achim Rettinger and Fabian Both, 2017

Patrick Philipp and Maria Maleshkova and Achim Rettinger and Darko Katic, 2017

Jacqueline Wirnitzer, Iris Heckmann, Anne Meyer, Stefan Nickel, 2016

The monthly nurse rostering is one of the most time consuming planning tasks of our project partner, a leading German home care provider. The planning is currently done manually by experienced senior nurses. However, the planning setup is very complex due to requirements such as legal working time restrictions, availabilities of full and part time nurses, and patient requests with differing requirements on qualification and frequency. The objective is to assign as few different nurses as possible to each patient. Although this continuity is important for quality of care, it is hardly addressed in literature. In this paper, we elaborate a mid-term home care rostering problem (HCR) that fits the requirements our partner. It implies the assignment of nurses to weekly recurring patient-visit-tours under consideration of the aforementioned continuity of care. We propose different measures of continuity, which are used in five novel MIP formulations, each incorporating all hard planning constraints. We evaluate the models by means of 45 generated instances with realistic features. Further experiments on a real-world instance show that the approach improves continuity of care considerably compared to the manual solution.

Jennifer Schoch, 2016

Prof. Dr. Ulrich M. Gassner, Sophy Stock, 2016

Denis Stein and Max Spindler and Janina Kuper and Martin Lauer, 2016

Flath, Christoph M. and Gottwalt, Sebastian, 2016

The activation of flexible loads through demand side management offers opportunities for more efficient power systems operations. Price-based incentive are a straight-forward form for decentral coordination of these flexible loads. However, their applicability has recently been seen more pessimistic as they may induce new load peaks due to herding effects. We revisit these results by characterizing desynchronized posted pricing approaches. Illustrating highly flexible load by means of electric vehicle charging, we show that these desynchronized rate can mitigate the occurrence of extreme load spikes, improve the utilization of renewable generation and in summary create significant system cost savings. Our results show that simple open-loop pricing can almost match the efficiency of closed-loop adaptive pricing in settings with limited system flexibility. We find that the more renewable generation and flexible load are present in the system, the better more complex pricing schemes fare compared to simple ones. This insight may guide regulators and utilities in establishing more effective pricing schemes in retail electricity markets.

S. Gottwalt and J. Gärttner and H. Schmeck and C. Weinhardt, 2016

The share of renewable generation (RG) in the energy mix has seen constant growth in recent years. RG is volatile and not (fully) controllable. Consequently, the alignment of stochastic demand with supply, which is fundamental for ensuring grid stability, becomes more difficult. The utilization of demand side flexibility as well as RG portfolio design are attractive opportunities to avoid excessive investments in conventional power plants and costs for balancing power. This paper provides a comprehensive centralized scheduling model to exploit demand flexibility from residential devices. We analyze the monetary value of households for demand response (DR) by determining the potential of various current and possible available future end consumer devices to reduce generation costs of a flexibility aggregator in a microgrid with a large share of RG. Furthermore, we identify key characteristics affecting the value of demand flexibility and derive recommendations for an aggregator's RG portfolio structure. Our simulation results indicate that electric vehicles, stationary batteries, and storage heaters are the most promising devices for residential DR. Furthermore, we show that the potential of a device to directly utilize intermittent RG is largely influenced by the composition of the renewable energy source portfolio.

Natalie Röll, René Stephan, Bruno Rosales Saurer, Wilhelm Stork, Christophe Kunze, Peter König, 2016

Florian, Martin and Pieper, Felix and Baumgart, Ingmar, 2016

Braun, Meike and Kramer, Jochen and Furmans, Kai, 2016

Die Wahrung der Reproduzierbarkeit empirisch erhobener Messdaten fordert eine konsequente Anwendung einer einheitlichen und standardisierten Methode. Am IFL des KIT wurde deshalb eine Prozessbeschreibung entworfen, die speziell für die Messung von Fördermitteln der Intralogistik angewandt werden kann. Neben der Vorbereitung und Durchführung der Messungen müssen die erhobenen Daten anschließend statistisch ausgewertet und interpretiert werden. Die Methode wird in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt und am Beispiel von Leistungs- und Energiemessungen angewandt.

Christian Will and Alexander Schuller, 2016

Abstract Smart charging has been the focus of considerable research efforts but so far there is little notion of users’ acceptance of the concept. This work considers potentially influential factors for the acceptance of smart charging from the literature and tests their viability employing a structural equation model, following the partial least squares approach. For a sample of 237 early electric vehicle adopters from Germany our results show that contributing to grid stability and the integration of renewable energy sources are key motivational factors for acceptance of smart charging. In addition, the individual need for flexibility should not be impaired through charging control. Further well known influential factors like economic incentives do not seem to have a significant impact in the sample group under scrutiny. These and further findings should be taken into account by aggregators when designing attractive business models that incentivize the participation of early adopters and ease market rollout.

Hinkel, Georg and Groenda, Henning and Krach, Sebastian and Vannucci, Lorenzo and Denninger, Oliver and Cauli, Nino and Ulbrich, Stefan and Roennau, Arne and Falotico, Egidio and Gewaltig, Marc-Oliver and Knoll, Alois and Dil, 2016

Bio-inspired robots still rely on classic robot control although advances in neurophysiology allow adaptation to control as well. However, the connection of a robot to spiking neuronal networks needs adjustments for each purpose and requires frequent adaptation during an iterative development. Existing approaches cannot bridge the gap between robotics and neuroscience or do not account for frequent adaptations. The contribution of this paper is an architecture and domain-specific language (DSL) for connecting robots to spiking neuronal networks for iterative testing in simulations, allowing neuroscientists to abstract from implementation details. The framework is implemented in a web-based platform. We validate the applicability of our approach with a case study based on image processing for controlling a four-wheeled robot in an experiment setting inspired by Braitenberg vehicles.

Thomas Glock, Matthias Kern, Stefan Otten, Eric Sax, Martin Hillenbrand, Michael Hübner, 2016

Die Planung von elektrischen Kabelnetzen und die Auswahl von geeigneten Geräten, die die elektrische/elektronische Realisierung der Verfahrensbeschreibung (Rohrleitungs- und Instrumentenfließschema) in industriellen Prozessanlagen repräsentieren, erfolgt heute weitgehend manuell. Um den Aufwand zu reduzieren, die Kosten zu mindern und die Qualität zu erhöhen, sind modellbasierte Ansätze und Methoden, wie sie bereits in der Entwicklung von Elektrik-/Elektronikarchitekturen im Automobil eingesetzt werden, ein vielversprechender Ansatz. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Methodik vor, die, basierend auf neuartigen Methoden und Werkzeugen, die Ableitung und Verwendung einer Vernetzungsarchitektur zur Planung von Industrieanlagen auf Basis der Verfahrensbeschreibung unterstützt.

Dücker, J.; Gödel, C.; Ovtcharova, J., 2016

Fabian Poggenhans, André-Marcel Hellmund and Christoph Stiller, 2016

Although many algorithms have been proposed for the camera-based detection of road features (such as road markings, curbstones and road borders), truly contextual or relational information between the detections is rarely used. This is all the more surprising, since a lot of potential remains unused, regarding outlier rejection or compensating detection failures, multiple detections, misclassification or fragmentation. The aim of this paper is to present an approach that is suitable for such a task in both online and offline applications as a post-processing step after the actual detection and classification step. This is achieved by adapting a perception-based line-clustering algorithm that groups the pre-classified road features based on their relations and assigns them a final class. The grouped features are then fused to form continuous lines instead of individual dashes or fragmented lines. The evaluation on a 10 km drive in both rural and urban environment, as well as an online test on a short highway driving sequence shows that this approach is very well capable to increase the performance of road feature detection at a low computational cost.

Andreas Burger, Sebastian Reiter, Alexander Viehl, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel , 2016

Bender, Matthias and Meyer, Anne and Kalcsics, Jörg and Nickel, Stefan, 2016

Matthias Bender, Anne Meyer, Jörg Kalcsics, Stefan Nickel, 2016

In service territory design applications, a field service workforce is responsible for providing recurring services at their customers’ sites. We introduce the associated planning problem, which consists of two subproblems: In the partitioning subproblem, customers must be grouped into service territories. In the scheduling subproblem, customer visits must be scheduled throughout the multi-period planning horizon. The emphasis of this paper is put on the scheduling subproblem. We propose a mixed integer programming model for this subproblem and present a location-allocation heuristic. The results of extensive experiments on real-world instances show that the proposed heuristic produces high-quality solutions.

Fabian Dunke, Iris Heckmann, Stefan Nickel, Francisco Saldanha-da-Gama, 2016

Operations Researchers support Supply Chain Management and Supply Chain Planning by developing adequate mathematical optimization models and providing suitable solution procedures. In this paper we discuss what . adequate could mean. Therefore, we may ask several questions concerning "optimality" in Supply Chain Planning under causal and temporal uncertainty: What is an optimal solution? When is it optimal? For how long is it optimal? How should the design of a supply chain be changed when conditions and requirements ask for new structures? In particular, we discuss new approaches to Supply Chain Planning in order to give an optimal transformation from an initial solution over multiple periods to a desired one rather than just specifying an optimal snapshot solution. Time and uncertainty are the factors triggering the whole discussion. In particular, several flaws often found when dealing with these factors result in so-called "time traps". We look at the impact of recent technological developments like the Internet of Things or Industry 4.0 on operational supply chain planning and control, and we show how online optimization can help to cope with real-time challenges. Moreover, we re-coin the concept of risk in the realm of Supply Chain Planning. Here the question is how to measure supply chain specific risks and how to incorporate them "adequately" into mathematical models.

Kramer, Jochen and Otten, Stefan, 2016

Natalie Röll, Wilhelm Stork, Bruno Rosales, René Stephan, Petra Knaup, 2016

Manufacturer information, user experiences and product availability of assistive living technologies are usually not known to citizens or consultation centers. The different knowledge levels concerning the availability of technology shows the need for building up a knowledge base. The aim of this contribution is therefore the definition of requirements in the development of knowledge bases for AAL consultations. The major requirements, such as a maintainable and easy to use structure were implemented into a web based knowledge base, which went productive in around 3700 consulting interviews of municipal technology information centers. Within this field phase the implementation of the requirements for a knowledge base in the field of AAL consulting was evaluated and further developed.

Jacques Kaiser and A. Martinelli and F. Fontana and D. Scaramuzza, 2016

Kaiser, Jacques and Tieck, J Camilo Vasquez and Hubschneider, Christian and Wolf, Peter and Weber, Michael and Hoff, Michael and Friedrich, Alexander and Wojtasik, Konrad and Roennau, Arne and Kohlhaas, Ralf and Dillmann, R. , 2016

Thomas Glock, Matthias Kern Stefan Otten Eric Sax Martin Hillenbrand Michael Hübner, 2016

Die Planung von elektrischen Kabelnetzen und die Auswahl von geeigneten Geräten, die die elektrische/elektronische Realisierung der Verfahrensbeschreibung (Rohrleitungs- und Instrumentenfließschema) in industriellen Prozessanlagen repräsentieren, erfolgt heute weitgehend manuell. Um den Aufwand zu reduzieren, die Kosten zu mindern und die Qualität zu erhöhen, sind modellbasierte Ansätze und Methoden, wie sie bereits in der Entwicklung von Elektrik-/Elektronikarchitekturen im Automobil eingesetzt werden, ein vielversprechender Ansatz. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Methodik vor, die, basierend auf neuartigen Methoden und Werkzeugen, die Ableitung und Verwendung einer Vernetzungsarchitektur zur Planung von Industrieanlagen auf Basis der Verfahrensbeschreibung unterstützt.

Hinkel, Georg and Groenda, Henning and Krach, Sebastian and Vannucci, Lorenzo and Denninger, Oliver and Cauli, Nino and Ulbrich, Stefan and Roennau, Arne and Falotico, Egidio and Gewaltig, Marc-Oliver and Knoll, Alois and Dil, Springer, 2016

Bio-inspired robots still rely on classic robot control although advances in neurophysiology allow adaptation to control as well. However, the connection of a robot to spiking neuronal networks needs adjustments for each purpose and requires frequent adaptation during an iterative development. Existing approaches cannot bridge the gap between robotics and neuroscience or do not account for frequent adaptations. The contribution of this paper is an architecture and domain-specific language (DSL) for connecting robots to spiking neuronal networks for iterative testing in simulations, allowing neuroscientists to abstract from implementation details. The framework is implemented in a web-based platform. We validate the applicability of our approach with a case study based on image processing for controlling a four-wheeled robot in an experiment setting inspired by Braitenberg vehicles.

Hinkel, Georg and Groenda, Henning and Krach, Sebastian and Vannucci, Lorenzo and Denninger, Oliver and Cauli, Nino and Ulbrich, Stefan and Roennau, Arne and Falotico, Egidio and Gewaltig, Marc-Oliver and Knoll, Alois and Dil, Springer, 2016

Bio-inspired robots still rely on classic robot control although advances in neurophysiology allow adaptation to control as well. However, the connection of a robot to spiking neuronal networks needs adjustments for each purpose and requires frequent adaptation during an iterative development. Existing approaches cannot bridge the gap between robotics and neuroscience or do not account for frequent adaptations. The contribution of this paper is an architecture and domain-specific language (DSL) for connecting robots to spiking neuronal networks for iterative testing in simulations, allowing neuroscientists to abstract from implementation details. The framework is implemented in a web-based platform. We validate the applicability of our approach with a case study based on image processing for controlling a four-wheeled robot in an experiment setting inspired by Braitenberg vehicles.

Viehl, Alexander and \cCakar, Emre and Engler, Maximilian and Köhler, Stefan, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016

Viehl, Alexander and \cCakar, Emre and Engler, Maximilian and Köhler, Stefan, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016

M. Teichmann, M. Weber, J. M. Zöllner, R. Cipolla, R. Urtasun, 2016

Misha Strittmatter and Michael Junker and Kiana Rostami and Sebastian Lehrig and Amine Kechaou and Bo Liu and Robert Heinrich, 2016

Oliver Raabe, Manuela Wagner, 2016

Marvin Triebel and Jan Sürmeli, 2016

Marvin Triebel and Jan Sürmeli, 2016

Henger, Ralph and Bizer, Kilian and Blecken, Lutke and Fahrenkrug, Katrin and Ferber, Uwe and Gutsche, Jens-Martin and Kranz, Tobias and Melzer, Michael and Meub, Lukas and Proeger, Till and others, 2016

Patrick Philipp and Maria Maleshkova and Darko Katic and Christian Weber and Michael Götz and Achim Rettinger and Stefanie Speidel and Benedikt Kämpgen and Marco Nolden and Anna-Laura Wekerle and Rüdiger Dillmann and Hannes K, 2016

T. Beuth, S. Danilova, H. Umesh-Babu, S. Bogatscher, L. Shinohara, N. Heussner, 2015

Sebastian M. Blanc, Thomas Setzer, 2015

Iris Heckmann, Tina Comes, Stefan Nickel, 2015

Economic systems are increasingly prone to complexity and uncertainty. Therefore, making well-informed decisions requires risk analysis, control and mitigation. In some areas such as finance, insurance, crisis management and health care, the importance of considering risk is largely acknowledged and well-elaborated, yet rather heterogeneous concepts and approaches for risk management have been developed. The increased frequency and the severe consequences of past supply chain disruptions have resulted in an increasing interest in risk. This development has led to the adoption of the risk concepts, terminologies and methods from related fields. In this paper, existing approaches for quantitative supply chain risk management are reviewed by setting the focus on the definition of supply chain risk and related concepts.

Sebastian Reiter, Alexander Viehl, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2015

Schneider, Johannes and Stork, Wilhelm and Irgenfried, Stephan and Worn, Heinz, 2015

Schuller, Alexander and Flath, Christoph M. and Gottwalt, Sebastian, 2015

René Stephan, Natalie Röll, Dr. Bruno Rosales Saurer, Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Stork, 2015

Moderne Technikprodukte können ein selbständiges Leben im Alter unterstützen. Ob Sensorsysteme zur Sturzprävention, automatische Herdabschaltungen oder ein mobiler Notrufkopf - viele solcher Produkte sind samt ihrer Einsatzmöglichkeiten der breiten "Öffentlichkeit nicht bekannt. Um bereits am Markt erhältliche Technologien im Bereich "Ambient Assisted Living" (AAL) bekannter zu machen, entstehen im Projekt "Besser leben im Alter durch Technik" deutschlandweit 22 kommunale Beratungsstellen (KBS), die zu technikgestützten Asssistenzsystemen vor Ort beraten. Eine vernetzte Wissensbasis soll die Beratungsstellen bei ihrer Arbeit vor Ort unterstützen. Der Beitrag untersucht, welche Funktionalitäten die KBS zur Erbringung ihrer Beratungsleistung vor Ort benötigen und welche Rahmen-bedingungen geschaffen werden müssen, damit das entsprechende Informations- und Wissensportal in der Praxis auch als Arbeitsmittel verwendet wird.

Natalie Röll, René Stephan, Dr. Bruno Rosales Saurer, Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Stork, 2015

22 deutschlandweiten Beratungsstellen aus dem Projekt "Besser leben im Alter durch Technik" informieren Bürgerinnen und Bürger sowohl in intensiven Einzelfallbesprechungen, als auch in öffentlichkeitswirksamen Informationsveranstaltungen über technische Unterstützungsmglichkeiten im Alter. Zur Bewertung der ökonomische Konsequenzen der Arbeit dieser Beratungsstellen sowie der Erstellung von "Best Practices" für den idealen Aufbau und Betrieb einer Technologieberatungsstelle berichtet der vorliegende Beitrag über das umfangreiche Evaluationskonzept und der dafür entwickelten Dokumentationssoftware.

Fabian Poggenhans and Markus Schreiber and Christoph Stiller, 2015

In autonomous driving, road markings are an essential element for high-precision mapping, trajectory planning and can provide important information for localization. This paper presents an approach to detect, classify and approximate a great variety of road markings using a stereoscopic camera system. We present an algorithm that is able to classify characters and arrows as well as stop-lines, pedestrian crossings, dashed and straight lines, etc. The classification is independent of orientation, position or the exact shape. This is achieved using a histogram of the marking width as main part of the feature vector for line-shaped markings and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) for characters. Classification is done by an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). We have evaluated our approach over a 10.5 km drive through an urban area.

Stefan Hellfeld, Andreas Oberweis, Tanja Wessel, 2015

Behnam Khaleghi, Ali Ahari, Siavash Bayat, and Hossein Asadi, IEEE, 2015

Ingo Mauser and Jan Müller and Florian Allerding and Hartmut Schmeck, 2015

Abstract To enable the efficient utilization of energy carriers and the successful integration of renewable energies into energy systems, building energy management systems (BEMS) are inevitable. In this article, we present a modular BEMS and its customizable architecture that enable a flexible approach towards the optimization of building operation. The system is capable of handling the energy flows in the building and across all energy carriers as well as the interdependencies between devices, while keeping a unitized approach towards devices and the optimization of their operation. Evaluations in realistic scenarios show the ability of the BEMS to increase energy efficiency, self-consumption, and self-sufficiency as well as to reduce energy consumption and costs by an improved scheduling of the devices that considers all energy carriers in buildings as well as their interdependencies.

Schuller, Alexander and Flath, Christoph M. and Gottwalt, Sebastian, 2015

Thomas Glock, Martin Hillenbrand, Christoph Weiler, Michael Hübner, 2015

Zukünftige Kommunikationsnetzwerke industrieller Anlagen müssen die Anforderungen von Industrie 4.0 in der Prozessautomatisierung bewältigen. Innovative Ansätze für Kommunikation und Funktionalität können die mit I4.0 verbundenen Potenziale nur dann ausschöpfen, wenn sie einen industriell verwertbaren Mehrwert bieten. Dieser Beitrag stellt einen Ansatz vor, der einfache Sensoren und Aktoren der Feldebene um IP-Kommunikation sowie damit verknüpfte Dienste und Funktionen erweitert. Verbunden über ein industrielles Standard-IP-Netzwerk ermöglichen derartige Konstellationen zusätzliche Überwachungsfunktionen, die zu höherer Zuverlässigkeit und Verfügbarkeit der Anlagen beitragen können.

Martin Lauer and Denis Stein, 2015

Levina, Olga and Vilnai-Yavetz, Iris, Elsevier, 2015

Sophy Stock, 2015

Jacqueline Wirnitzer, Iris Heckmanna, Anne Meyer , Stefan Nickel, 2015

The monthly nurse rostering is one of the most time consuming planning tasks of our project partner, a leading German home care provider. The planning is currently done manually by experienced senior nurses. However, the planning setup is very complex due to requirements such as legal working time restrictions, availabilities of full and part time nurses, and patient requests with differing requirements on qualification and frequency. The objective is to assign as few different nurses as possible to each patient. Although this continuity is important for quality of care, it is hardly addressed in literature. In this paper, we elaborate a mid-term home care rostering problem (HCR) that fits the requirements of our partner. It implies the assignment of nurses to weekly recurring patient-visit-tours under consideration of the aforementioned continuity of care. We propose different measures of continuity, which are used in five novel MIP formulations, each incorporating all hard planning constraints. We evaluate the models by means of 45 generated instances with realistic features. Further experiments on a real-world instance show that the approach improves continuity of care considerably compared to the manual solution.

Wagenknecht, T.; Hellmanns, A., 2015

Müller-Quade, Jörn and Huber, Matthias and Nilges, Tobias, 2015

Neue Anwendungsformen kryptografi scher Verfahren erlauben es, personenbezogene Daten über unterschiedliche Vertrauenszonen hinweg verschlüsselt zu verarbeiten und speichern. Die oft als heiliger Gral der Kryptographie bezeichnete voll-homomorphe Verschlüsselung ist theoretisch eine perfekte Lösung für den Datenschutz im Cloud Computing. Für den Einsatz in der Praxis ist sie jedoch bisher deutlich zu aufwändig. Eine Alternative sind Verfahren mit einer an die konkrete Anwendung angepassten Sicherheit.

T. Beuth and T. Gaedeke and C. Tradowsky and J. E. Becker and A. Klimm and O. Sander, 2015

Tradowsky, Carsten and Lauber, Andreas and Werner, Stephan and Beuth, Thorsten and Müller-Glaser, Klaus D. and Sax, Eric, 2015

Gauger, Friedrich R.J., 2015

Ziele: Evaluation der elektrophysiologischen Muster der Kataplexie hinsichtlich ihres Nutzens für automatisierte Diagnose: Erscheint die Detektion der Kataplexie mit einem ambulant tragbaren Sensorsystem plausibel? Methoden: Literaturrecherche zum Stand der Wissenschaft, Messungen am narkoleptischen Subjekt und Evaluation der Messdaten und ihrer Derivate. Die Kataplexie, der Tonusverlust quergestreifter Muskulatur infolge emotionaler Erregung, ist ein hochspezifisches Symptom für Narkolepsie vom Typ1. Ein gelingender Nachweis der Kataplexie im ambulanten Kontext ist sowohl für Diagnose als auch für die Therapiesteuerung der Narkolepsie Typ 1 von hohem Wert. Zur Evaluierung elektrophysiologischer Korrelate der Kataplexie werteten wir bisherige Studien hinsichtlich Ihrer Ergebnisse und des gemeinsamen Messumfanges aus. Eigene Messungen führten wir mit einer Schnittmenge dieses Messumfanges, erweitert um Akzelerometrie in sieben Achsen (ACM) durch. Die Messtechnik erlaubte die freie Bewegung des Probanden. Ergebnisse: Die ausgewertete Literatur zeichnet ein kohärentes Bild hinsichtlich der Aktivitätsmuster im Elektromyogram (sEMG), Elektrokardiogramm (EKG), Elektrookulogramm (EOG) und der Elektrodermalen Aktivität (EDA), sowie bei Atmung und Blutdruck. Unsere Messungen bestätigen dieses Bild. Mit Anfallsbeginn erfolgt eine Aktivierung der sympathischen als auch der parasympathischen Komponente des autonomen Nervensystems, gefolgt von partieller oder vollständiger Atonie bei erhaltenem Bewu\sstsein. Die Phase des Tonusverlustes ist gekennzeichnet durch abrupten Tonusverlust, mit ebenfalls abruptem, sporadischen Wiedereinschie\ssen des Muskeltonus, bis schlie\sslich eine Phase relativer (partielle Kataplexie) oder vollständiger Atonie (totale Kataplexie) erreicht wird. Die Muster im EMG scheinen charakteristisch, wir vermuten eine rostrokaudale Propagation des Tonusverlustes. Die Muster der ACM erscheinen ebenfalls charakteristisch. Der \"Ubergang zur postkataplektischen Phase zeigt keine charakteristischen Muster. Eine algorithmenbasierte Erkennung auf Basis reduzierter, langzeittragbarer Sensorik erscheint plausibel. Hierzu sind weitere Studien erforderlich.

Matthias Huber, Jochen Rill, 2015

Straub, Tim and Gimpel, Henner and Teschner, Florian and Weinhardt, Christof, 2015

Jyoti Joshi, Sebastian Reiter, Alexander Viehl, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel , 2014

Manuel Loesch, Rouven Krebs, 2014

In the context of Software as a Service offerings, multi-tenant applications (MTAs) allow to increase the efficiency by sharing one application instance among several customers. Due to the tight coupling and sharing of resources on all layers up to the application layer, customers may influence each other with regards to the performance they observe. Existing research on performance isolation of MTAs focuses on methods and concrete algorithms. In this paper, we present concerns that are raised when serving a high amount of users in a load balancing cluster with multiple MTA instances. We identified potential positions in such an architecture where performance isolation can be enforced based on request admission control. Considering various approaches for request-to-instance allocation, our discussion shows that different positions come along with specific pros and cons that have influence on the ability to performance-isolate tenants.

Koehler, S. and Droll, S. and Bringmann, O. and Brunner, U., 2014

Philip J. Astor and Marc T. P. Adam and Petar Jer\vci\'c and Kristina Schaaff and Christof Weinhardt, 2014

Dorothee Kapp and Kristina Schaaff and Jörg Ottenbacher and Stephan Heuer and Wilhelm Stork, 2014

N. Heussner, S. Bogatscher, W. Stork, 2014

N. Heussner, L. Holl, T. Nowak, T. Beuth, M. Spitzer, W. Stork, 2014

S. Bogatscher, A. Streck, M. Fox, S. Meinzer, N. Heussner, W. Stork, 2014

L. Shinohara, T. Beuth, M. Fox, N. Heussner, H. Umesh-Babu, W. Stork, 2014

S. Bogatscher & N. Heussner, W. Stork, 2014

N. Heussner, S. Bogatscher, S. Danilova, W. Stork, 2014

Sascha Alpers and Matthias Huber and Patrik Scheidecker and Thomas Schuster, 2014

Adler, Nico and Otten, Stefan and Schwär, Melanie and Müller-Glaser, Klaus D., 2014

Adler, Nico and Otten, Stefan and Schwär, Melanie and Müller-Glaser, Klaus D., 2014

Morschheuser, Benedikt S. and Rivera-Pelayo, Verónica and Mazarakis, Athanasios and Zacharias, Valentin, 2014

Häussermann, Kai and Zweigle, Oliver and Levi, Paul, Springer, 2014

Schuller, Alexander and Dietz, Benjamin and Flath, Christoph M. and Weinhardt, Christof, 2014

Katsaros, Gregory and Menzel, Michael and Lenk, Alexander and Rake-Revelant, Jannis and Skipp, Ryan and Eberhardt, Jacob, 2014

Lenk, Alexander and Tai, Stefan, 2014

Lenk, Alexander and Katsaros, Gregory and Menzel, Michael and Rake-Revelant, Jannis and Skipp, Ryan and Castro-Leon, Enrique and Gopan, VP, 2014

Lenk, Alexander and Katsaros, Gregory and Menzel, Michael and Revelant, Jannis Rake and Skipp, Ryan and Leon, Enrique Castro, 2014

Katsaros, Gregory and Menzel, Michael and Lenk, Alexander and Revelant, Jannis Rake and Skipp, Ryan and Eberhardt, Jacob, 2014

Hoeffer, Jan and Schuller, Alexander, 2014

H. Umesh-Babu, N. Heussner, W. Stork, 2014

Viehl, Alexander and Donn, Christian and Bersiner, Lutz and Cakar, Emre, Springer, 2014

Alexander Viehl and Christian Donn, publish-industry, 2014

Dirk Achenbach, Jochen Rill, isimedien, 2014

Adler, Nico and Metzker, Eduard and Rudolph, Alexander and Otten, Stefan and Müller-Glaser, K. D., 2014

Adler, Nico and Metzker, Eduard and Rudolph, Alexander and Otten, Stefan and Müller-Glaser, K. D., 2014

Aleksandrov, Kiril and Schubert, Viktor and Ovtcharova, Jivka, Springer, 2014

To handle complexity in a modern reconfigurable production system from strategic and tactical planning perspective as well as to enable operational decision making a skill-based asset management system is introduced. It provides a novel approach of managing assets in the context of the asset life cycle based on their provided skills. It aims the vertical integration of higher level management systems with production execution level systems of small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises, using a common skill-based abstraction. Thus the skill-based asset management system can effectively provide digital factory functionality to companies while integrating with their existing IT systems.

Julius Pfrommer, Denis Stogl, 2014

Shortening product lifecycles and small lot sizes require manufacturing systems to adapt increasingly fast. Many existing machine tools, handling and logistics systems are already generic and not bound to a specific product a-priori. Yet this flexibility and reconfigurability on the asset level is lost in automated systems that are limited to executing a small set of predefined actions in a fixed sequence. The SkillPro project aims to develop a holistic service-oriented framework for modelling and orchestration of modern adaptable manufacturing systems. The core concept is a unified abstraction for manufacturing tasks: skills provided by the available assets and the requirements of the different production steps. The skill-based system model enables the transition from generic high-level descriptions to lowlevel formats that can be directly executed. Self-describing assets can be added, changed and removed at runtime, taking into account technical and economic conditions to best achieve the manufacturing goals.

Miriam Schleipen and Bj?rn Hein and Julius Pfrommer and Kiril Aleksandrov and Denis Stogl and Stefahn Escaida Navarro, 2014

Flexibility and adaptability of production resources and production processes due to shortened product lifecycles and small lot sizes call for a virtual model of the production system which supports the time-consuming and error-prone re-engineering process. In such increasingly adaptive production systems, skills are used to describe generic capabilities of the production resources which can be matched to the requirements of the different production steps. The SkillPro project [1] aims to develop a holistic service-oriented framework for modelling and orchestration of modern adaptable production systems. This framework shall be based on standards, such as AutomationML and OPC UA.

Zofka, Marc René and Kohlhaas, Ralf and Bär, Tobias and Schwab, Sebastian and Schamm, Thomas and Zöllner, J Marius, Springer, 2014

Lars Pfotzer and Jan Oberländer and Arne Roennau and Rüdiger Dillmann, 2014

We present KaRoLa, a new rotating 3D laser scanner with a modular and flexible hardware design and an integrated control software stack with a ROS interface. Based on our requirements -- light-weight and compact hardware, high resolution and accuracy -- we compare different 2D laser range finders which are commercially available. We describe the hardware design, including the mechanical and electrical components, and the included software stack in detail. Furthermore, we present a particle swarm based calibration method to compensate mounting offsets between the 2D laser scanner and the rotational axis. The calibration significantly improves the overall accuracy and lowers the requirements for the mounting precision. Field studies for evaluating KaRoLa in real-world application scenarios such as planetary exploration and search and rescue missions complete this article.

Wörner, Matthias and Gottwalt, Sebastian and Krimmling, Tobias and Lierzer, Sven and Zimmermann, Daniel, 2014

Felix Brandt and Jochen Speck and Markus Völker, 2014

This paper addresses a process-to-machine reassignment problem arising in cloud computing environments. The problem formulation has been posed as the ROADEF/EURO challenge 2012. Our presented approach is basically a large neighborhood search that iteratively improves a given solution. In each iteration only a subset of processes is considered for reassignment and the newassignments are evaluated by a constraint program. In this paper we present our general solution approach. Furthermore, we evaluate different process selection strategies and other optimization means to improve the performance on larger instances. In addition, we present a simple way to compute tight lower bounds of the necessary costs.

Wittern, Erik and Lenk, Alexander and Bartenbach, Sebastian and Braeuer, Tobias, 2014

Turowski, Marian and Lenk, Alexander, 2014

Sebastian Schwab, Tobias Leichsenring, Marc René Zofka, Tobias Bär, 2014

Jyoti Joshi, Sebastian Reiter, Alexander Viehl, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2014

Irgenfried Stephan; Schneider Johannes; Wörn Heinz; Stork Wilhelm; Guhl Tim; Schellhase Matthias, 2014

In this paper we describe a flexible design for system control and communication in a robotic mobility aid, proof-of-concept in a prototype system and experimental results achieved within a multi-day testing session with a group of potential users. The mobility aid combines the functionalities of a walking aid with active fall prevention and a sit-to-stand transfer assistant in a single device, having a smaller footprint than standard walking aids. We focus on the system communication based on a middleware and describe, how this concept introduces robustness and flexibility to assisting devices like this and how the system can easily be extended with additional functionalities by adding new hardware or software. As examples for additional functionality, health monitoring, entertainment and communication applications are described.

Braun, Meike and Kramer, Jochen and Furmans, Kai, 2014

Die konsequente Anwendung von einer Validierungsmethoden ist eine wichtige Grundlage zur Angabe der Genauigkeit von Simulationsmodellen. Im nachfolgenden Beitrag wird eine Vorgehensweise zur Validierung von Simulationsmodellen vorgestellt und auf ein am Institut für Fördertechnik und Logistiksysteme (IFL) entwickeltes Modell zur Quantifizierung des Energiebedarfs und der Spielzeit von Regalbediengeräten angewandt und analysiert.

Markus Schreiber and Fabian Poggenhans and Christoph Stiller, 2014

In this paper, we present a system to detect symbols on roads (e.g. arrows, speed limits, bus lanes and other pictograms) with a common monoscopic or stereoscopic camera system. No manual labeling of images is necessary since the exact definitions of the symbols in the legal instructions for road paintings are used. With those vector graphics an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) System is trained. If only a monoscopic camera is used, the vanishing point is estimated and an inverse perspective transformation is applied to obtain a distortion free top-view. In case of the stereoscopic camera setup, the 3D reconstruction is projected to a ground plane. TESSERACT, a common OCR system is used to classify the symbols. If odometry or position information is available, a spatial filtering and mapping is possible. The obtained information can be used on one side to improve localization, on the other side to provide further information for planning or generation of planning maps.

Silvia Balaban, Thomas Bräuchle, Sebastian Bretthauer, 2014

Florian, Martin and Finster, Sören and Baumgart, Ingmar, 2014

Today's street traffic is still largely inefficient. Overburdened roads lead to congestions, accidents and unnecessary pollution. The increasing interconnection of traffic participants into the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has tremendous potential for improving this issue. Cooperative route planning, for example, is a concept for optimizing vehicular routing on a global scale by gathering data about planned routes from interconnected vehicles. As in other IoV applications, the benefits of such a system come at the cost of an increased privacy risk for participating users. Published routes include both the current and the planned future locations of drivers and passengers - all highly sensitive pieces of information. In the scope of this paper, we demonstrate how cooperative route planning can be realized with strong privacy guarantees without significant cuts in utility or cost. According to our knowledge, this is the first work to consider this issue. We propose a scheme by which vehicles can publish their intent to pass at specific waypoints at approximate times in an anonymous fashion. While providing complete unlinkability of published intentions to individual users, our scheme is protected against abuse, with misbehaving (i.e., lying) users quickly losing their right to participate.

Finster, Sören and Baumgart, Ingmar, 2014

The increasing share of renewables creates new challenges for the existing electrical grid. To deal with these challenges, various efforts are being made to transform the existing power grid into a so-called smart grid. Part of this process is the deployment of an advanced metering infrastructure, which provides novel high-frequency two-way communication between consumers and producers. But as useful as the access to high-frequency measurements may be for energy suppliers, this also poses a major threat to the privacy of the customers. In this survey we present approaches to the problem of customer privacy-protection in the smart grid. We show that the privacy problem in smart grids can be further divided into the problems metering for billing and metering for operations. For each of these problems we identify generic approaches to solve them.

Hilgert, Stephan and Gauger, Friedrich and Hölzlwimmerl, Sebastian and Fuchs, Stephan, 2014

Investigations in the context of greenhouse gas production measurements in subtropical reservoirs brought up the necessity to survey the in situ pore water gas and ion concentrations at many positions within a relatively short time. As several sediment cores were taken, the interest in analyzing the pore water at the same time and at the same positions forced us to develop a cost- and time saving method for the placement of dialysis pore water samplers (DPS). General prerequisites were the ability to place several DPS per day, within a flexible depth range of up to 40 m and with a low cost budget. To meet these requirements, a DPS placing system (DPSPS) was developed, which would allow the precise placement of DPS in water with a depth of up to 40 m and assessing the biases of on-board measurements and possible methodological improvements. The DPSPS was transported to Brazil and tested in a measurement campaign for 10 days. The measurements were carried out during two campaigns in December 2012 and March 2013 in the Capivari Reservoir north-east of Curitiba in the State of Paran\'a. The system worked properly and several DPS could be placed from a 5 m class aluminum boat. The placement was performed with high accuracy regarding the positioning as well as the penetration depth of the DPS. After the recovery of the DPS, the possible biases during sampling were analyzed. Possible back-diffusion was investigated, taking oxygen concentration as one representative parameter for estimation of the sample behavior. Laboratory as well as field results showed that special care has to be taken to minimize the influence of diffusion processes during post-recovery sampling. The results also suggested that the used membranes are affected by clogging which is likely to influence the diffusion times of various ions and gases. It can be stated that the DPSPS was developed successfully as the demands in terms of handling as well as monitoring efficiency and sample quality were met. With this deployment and measurement technique, a valuable part in the assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from surface water bodies could be achieved.

Sascha Alpers and Matthias Huber and Patrik Scheidecker and Thomas Schuster, 2014

Viehl, Alexander Alexander and Donn, Christian and Bersiner, Lutz and \cCakar, Emre, Springer Automotive Media, 2014

Hoppe, Tobias and Eisenmann, Harald and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Hennig, Christian, Gesellschaft für Informatik eV, 2014

Zora Slavik and Marc Ihle, 2014

Manuela Wagner, Eva Weis, 2014

Happe, Lucia and Buhnova, Barbora and Reussner, Ralf, Springer-Verlag, 2013

Michael Hauck and Michael Kuperberg and Nikolaus Huber and Ralf Reussner, Springer-Verlag, 2013

To predict the performance of an application, it is crucial to consider the performance of the underlying infrastructure. Thus, to yield accurate prediction results, performance-relevant properties and behaviour of the infrastructure have to be integrated into performance models. However, capturing these properties is a cumbersome and error-prone task, as it requires carefully engineered measurements and experiments. Existing approaches for creating infrastructure performance models require manual coding of these experiments, or ignore the detailed properties in the models. The contribution of this paper is the Ginpex approach, which introduces goal-oriented and model-based specification and generation of executable performance experiments for automatically detecting and quantifying performance-relevant infrastructure properties. Ginpex provides a metamodel for experiment specification and comes with predefined experiment templates that provide automated experiment execution on the target platform and also automate the evaluation of the experiment results. We evaluate Ginpex using three case studies, where experiments are executed to quantify various infrastructure properties.

Maiden, Neil and D'Souza, Sonali and Jones, Sara and Müller, Lars and Pannese, Lucia and Pitts, Kristine and Prilla, Michael and Pudney, Kevin and Rose, Malcolm and Turner, Ian and others, ACM, 2013

Martin Küster and Benjamin Klatt, 2013

Küster, Martin and Klatt, Benjamin and Kohnert, Eike and Brandt, Steffen and Tysiak, Johannes, 2013

Benjamin Klatt and Martin Küster and Klaus Krogmann and Oliver Burkhardt, 2013

Change impact analysis aims to provide insights about efforts and effects of a change to be expected, and to prevent missed adaptations. However, the benefit of applying an analysis in a given scenario is not clear. Only a few studies about change impact analysis ap- proaches compare the actual effort spent implement- ing the change with the prediction of the analysis. To gain more insight about change impact analysis benefits, we have performed a case study on chang- ing a software's input data model. We have applied two analyses, using the Java compiler and a depen- dency graph based approach, before implementing the actual change. In this paper, we present the re- sults, showing that i) syntactically required changes have been predicted adequately, iii) changes required for semantical correctness required the major effort but were not predicted at all, and iii) tool support for change impact analysis still needs to be improved.

Jyoti Joshi, Sebastian Reiter, Dr. Alexander Viehl, Prof. Dr. Oliver Bringmann, Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Rosenstiel , 2013

Jyoti Joshi, Sebastian Reiter, Alexander Viehl, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2013

Benjamin Klatt and Martin K\"uster and Klaus Krogmann and Oliver Burkhardt, 2013

Change impact analysis aims to provide insights about efforts and effects of a change to be expected, and to prevent missed adaptations. However, the benefit of applying an analysis in a given scenario is not clear. Only a few studies about change impact analysis ap- proaches compare the actual effort spent implement- ing the change with the prediction of the analysis. To gain more insight about change impact analysis benefits, we have performed a case study on chang- ing a software's input data model. We have applied two analyses, using the Java compiler and a depen- dency graph based approach, before implementing the actual change. In this paper, we present the re- sults, showing that i) syntactically required changes have been predicted adequately, iii) changes required for semantical correctness required the major effort but were not predicted at all, and iii) tool support for change impact analysis still needs to be improved.

Dodero, Juan Manuel and Palomo-Duarte, Manuel and Ruiz-Rube, Iv\'an and Traverso, Ignacio and Mota, Jos\'e Miguel, 2013

Dodero, Juan Manuel and Rube, Iv\'an Ruiz and Rib\'on, Ignacio Traverso and Duarte, Manuel Palomo, 2013

Felix Brandt and Reinhard Bauer and Markus Völker and Andreas Cardeneo, 2013

This paper addresses a large-scale power plant maintenance scheduling and production planning problem, which has been proposed by the ROADEF/EURO Challenge 2010. We develop two lower bounds for the problem: a greedy heuristic and a flow network for which a minimum cost flow problem has to be solved. Furthermore, we present a solution approach that combines a constraint programming formulation of the problem with several heuristics. The problem is decomposed into an outage scheduling and a production planning phase. The first phase is solved by a constraint program, which additionally ensures the feasibility of the remaining problem. In the second phase we utilize a greedy heuristic -- developed from our greedy lower bound -- to assign production levels and refueling amounts for a given outage schedule. All proposed strategies are shown to be competitive in an experimental evaluation.

L. Shinohara, Tuan Anh Pham Tran, T. Beuth, H. U. Babu, N. Heussner, S. Bogatscher, S. Danilova, W. Stork, 2013

N. Heussner, L. Holl, A. Shults, T. Beuth, H. Umesh-Babu, L. Shinohara, S. Bogatscher, M. Wippler, W. Stork, 2013

Sascha Alpers and Esmahan Eryilmaz and Stefan Hellfeld and Andreas Oberweis, 2013

Röll, Natalie and Rosales Saurer, B and Parada Otte, J and Bartelmes, R and Vetter, Tibor, VDE VERLAG GmbH, 2013

Adler, Nico and Otten, Stefan and Cuenot, Philippe and Müller-Glaser, Klaus D., 2013

Adler, Nico and Otten, Stefan and Cuenot, Philippe and Müller-Glaser, Klaus D., 2013

Lenk, Alexander and Pallas, Frank, Services Society, 2013

Swertz$^1$, Christian and Schmölz, Alexander and Forstner, Alexandra and Dambier, Nathalie and Heberle, Florian and Henning, Peter and Streicher, Alexander and Burghart, Catherine and Bock, Jürgen and Badii, Atta and others, 2013

Zander, Stefan, Suedwestdeutscher Verlag fuer Hochschulschriften, 2013

Alexander Viehl and Christian Schyr, 2013

Schuller, Alexander and Rieger, Fabian, 2013

Sascha Alpers , Esmahan Eryilmaz, Stefan Hellfeld, Andreas Oberweis , 2013

Sascha Alpers and Esmahan Eryilmaz and Stefan Hellfeld and Andreas Oberweis, 2013

Wicaksono, Hendro and Aleksandrov, Kiril and Rogalski, Sven and Ovtcharova, Jivka, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013

The global climate change and the rising of energy prices force manufacturing companies to regulate their energy usage. A suitable step to achieve that is the introduction of energy management. This paper presents an ICT based holistic approach to help manufacturing companies in the implementation of energy management system. It consists of methods to support quantitative and qualitative energy efficiency evaluation of their operations. The approach uses an ontological knowledge base containing the structures and rules representing best practices as reference of energy efficiency to support the qualitative evaluation. In the approach, we also develop measurement figures called Energy Performance Indices (EPI) to determine the energy efficiency degrees in different organizational parts of the company. The paper also describes the application of the approach in a small medium sized manufacturer.

Flath, Christoph M and Ilg, Jens P and Gottwalt, Sebastian and Schmeck, Hartmut and Weinhardt, Christof, 2013

Jyoti Joshi, Sebastian Reiter, Alexander Viehl, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2013

Frank Padberg and Oliver Denninger, 2013

Victor Häfner, Jan Siebel, Polina Häfner, Sven Rogalski, 2013

Silvia Balaban, Frank Pallas, 2013

G. Shalina Percy Delicia and Thomas Bruckschloegl and Peter Figuli and Carsten Tradowsky and Gabriel Marchesan Almeida and Juergen Becker, 2013

M. Wand, M. Janke, T. Heistermann, C. Schulte, A. Himmelsbach and T. Schultz., 2013

Hinkel, Georg and Goldschmidt, Thomas and Happe, Lucia, ArXiv, 2013

Software systems are getting more and more complex. Model-driven engineering (MDE) offers ways to handle such increased complexity by lifting development to a higher level of abstraction. A key part in MDE are transformations that transform any given model into another. These transformations are used to generate all kinds of software artifacts from models. However, there is little consensus about the transformation tools. Thus, the Transformation Tool Contest (TTC) 2013 aims to compare different transformation engines. This is achieved through three different cases that have to be tackled. One of these cases is the Flowgraphs case. A solution has to transform a Java code model into a simplified version and has to derive control and data flow. This paper presents the solution for this case using NMF Transformations as transformation engine.

Hinkel, Georg and Goldschmidt, Thomas and Happe, Lucia, ArXiv, 2013

Software systems are getting more and more complex. Model-driven engineering (MDE) offers ways to handle such increased complexity by lifting development to a higher level of abstraction. A key part in MDE are transformations that transform any given model into another. These transformations are used to generate all kinds of software artifacts from models. However, there is little consensus about the transformation tools. Thus, the Transformation Tool Contest (TTC) 2013 aims to compare different transformation engines. This is achieved through three different cases that have to be tackled. One of these cases is the Petri Net to State Chart case. A solution has to transform a Petri Net to a State Chart and has to derive a hierarchical structure within the State Chart. This paper presents the solution for this case using NMF Transformations as transformation engine.

Straub, Tim and Kohler, Marc and Hottum, Peter and Arrass, Volker and Welter, Dennis, 2013

Dennis Nienhüser and Tobias Bär and Ralf Kohlhaas and Thomas Schamm and Jochen Zimmermann and Thomas Gumpp and Marcus Strand and Oliver Bringmann and J. Marius Zöllner, 2012

Sebastian Reiter, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel , 2012

Sebastian Reiter, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2012

Sebastian Reiter, Alexander Viehl, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2012

Dennis Nienhüser and Tobias Bär and Ralf Kohlhaas and Thomas Schamm and Jochen Zimmermann and Thomas Gumpp and Marcus Strand and Oliver Bringmann and J. Marius Zöllner, 2012

Benjamin Klatt and Klaus Krogmann, Köllen Druck & Verlag GmbH, 2012

Benjamin Klatt and Klaus Krogmann, Köllen Druck & Verlag GmbH, 2012

Hellfeld, Stefan, 2012

Fenton-O'Creevy, Mark and Lins, Jeffrey T and Vohra, Shalini and Richards, Daniel W and Davies, Gareth and Schaaff, Kristina, Hogrefe \& Huber, 2012

Schaaff, Kristina and Degen, Raphael and Adler, Nico and Adam, Marc TP, 2012

S. Bogatscher, C. Giesel, T. Beuth, H. Umesh-Babu, L. Shinohara, N. Heussner, A. Streck, W. Stork, 2012

A. Frederiksen, R. Fiess, W. Stork, S. Bogatscher, N. Heussner, 2012

L. Shinohara, S. Bogatscher, N. Heussner, H. Umesh-Babu, M. Brunet, W. Stork, 2012

B. Rosales Saurer, A. Lenk, 2012

Asarnusch Rashid, Christian Reichelt, Natalie Röll, Tom Zentek, 2012

Zander, Stefan and Schandl, Bernhard, IOS Press, 2012

Zander, Stefan and Schandl, Bernhard, IGI Global, 2012

Burger, A. and Ecker, W. and Bringmann, O. and Rosenstiel, W., 2012

Bock, Jürgen and Hettenhausen, Jan, 2012

Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is a biologically-inspired, population-based optimisation technique that has been successfully applied to various problems in science and engineering. In the context of semantic technologies, optimisation problems also occur but have rarely been considered as such. This work addresses the problem of ontology alignment, which is the identification of overlaps in heterogeneous knowledge bases backing semantic applications. To this end, the ontology alignment problem is revisited as an optimisation problem. A discrete particle swarm optimisation algorithm is designed in order to solve this optimisation problem and compute an alignment of two ontologies. A number of characteristics of traditional PSO algorithms are partially relaxed in this article, such as fixed dimensionality of particles. A complex fitness function based on similarity measures of ontological entities, as well as a tailored particle update procedure are presented. This approach brings several benefits for solving the ontology alignment problem, such as inherent parallelisation, anytime behaviour, and flexibility according to the characteristics of particular ontologies. The presented algorithm has been implemented under the name MapPSO (ontology mapping using particle swarm optimisation). Experiments demonstrate that applying PSO in the context of ontology alignment is a feasible approach.

Jäkel, Rainer and Schmidt-Rohr, SvenR. and Rühl, SteffenW. and Kasper, Alexander and Xue, Zhixing and Dillmann, Rüdiger, Springer Netherlands, 2012

Aleksandrov, Kiril and Wicaksono, Hendro and Rogalski, Sven, 2012

For years, production companies have faced an increasingly complex and rapidly changing market, which also results in higher client customization. Their competitiveness is increasingly dependent on the identification of new customer and market demands and the ability to dynamically respond to these in a timely and adequate fashion. To ensure the long-term success of a business, the production especially must take an active role, which demands a constant adaptation or modification of existing plant structures, production resources and processes, in order to continue to meet the performance objectives of time, quality, costs and innovative competence. Manufacturing SMEs in particular have to react very flexibly to the ever-changing needs of their customers. For this reason, they must plan their factories from the start in such a way that uncertain, but significantly influential, factors can be buffered by the production structure. This calls for information technology tools, aligned with the SME’s needs, that both virtually verify the layout of production stations, as well as analyse the existing flexibility and resource efficiency of systems which are to be planned, while taking into account product life-cycle-related aspects. The proposed paper deals with a software tool called FLEX-Plan, developed at the FZI Research Center for Information Technology in Karlsruhe, Germany. As opposed to the complex digital factory planning tools often used in industry, this allows SMEs to plan their factory structures, production resources and -processes in a much simpler way. Using their existing IT and CAD systems, SMEs can simulate their often two-dimensional plant factory layouts (e.g. machines and their configurations, material flows, storage and work areas etc.) within the geometric constraints of the building. Based on this, the resource information contained in the 2D CAD factory models can be evaluated with regards to the existing manufacturing flexibility for different design alternatives. This is done to evaluate the existing potential for optimization and to determine the optimal configuration of resources.

Rogalski, Sven and Siebel, Jan and Aleksandrov, Kiril and Wicaksono, Hendro, 2012

Production companies operate in increasingly turbulent and discontinuous environments. The rapid speed of change, coupled with a high complexity of cause-effect relationships of industries, globally-dispersed markets, technologies and economic areas create great challenges to the manufacturing systems. Therefore, a more holistic view of technical and organizational freedom is needed in production to support sustainable planning, control and modification of manufacturing systems, which incorporate system and life cycle aspects to the goal of profitability. Hence, reliable statements about flexibility on different organisational levels in a manufacturing system have a considerable role to ensure resource efficiency. The following paper details the concept for calculating the production flexibility and the application experience in industrial production from the flexibility assessment toolbox ecoFLEX. It enables the simulation of targeted and dynamic alignment of existing plant structures and value-added processes with external environmental and internal changes. Unlike digital factory planning tools, a complete picture of the specific plant situation is not required, as will be illustrated by selected case studies from the medium sized assembling and stamping production enterprises.

Viktor Schubert and Kiril Aleksandrov and Konstantin Krahtov, 2012

Companies have to maintain a continuous innovation process in order to exist in the nowadays highly competitive market. Therefore an opening of the product development process in the early phase is needed to increase the performance of innovation. A form, which is getting an increasing attention in practice, is the systematic integration of online consumer groups for idea generation and for better identification of their preferences. Although this is being successfully used in product planning in terms of customer integration, it turns out to be difficult to implement and its effectiveness for the innovation process suffers due to a lack of an appropriate integration of manufacturing knowledge. Within the research project “OpenCON” a framework for an open product development in virtual communities was developed at the FZI Research Center in Karlsruhe, Germany. Based on an extension of the open innovation approach for supplier integration that is already used in open-source software development, by crowdsourcing methods, the framework provides a novel way in the provision and use of community-based product configuration systems and in the control of the open product development processes. For the continuous monitoring and improvement of this tool-based customer and supplier integration in product planning, an ANP-based approach was further designed. The proposed paper presents the developed methods and systems of the project “OpenCON” that have been integrated into prototype modules and validated in a case study.

Wicaksono, Hendro and Aleksandrov, Kiril and Rogalski, Sven, InTech, 2012

Asarnusch Rashid, Markus Ewald, 2012

Sieben Jahre Forschung zeigen wie eine elektronische Voranmeldung für Schlaganfall- und Herzinfarktpatienten die Prozesse in Klinik und Rettungsdienst verbessert – im Sinne der Patienten.

Ulbrich, Stefan and Ruiz de Angulo, Vicente and Asfour, Tamim and Torras, Carme and Dillmann, Rüdiger, IEEE, 2012

Ulbrich, Stefan and Ruiz De Angulo, Vicente and Asfour, Tamim and Torras, Carme and Dillmann, Rüdiger, IEEE, 2012

Xue, Zhixing and Ruehl, Steffen W. and Hermann, Andreas and Kerscher, Thilo and Dillmann, Ruediger, 2012

Michael Gebhart, Suad Sejdovic, 2012

Reiter, Sebastian and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver, ????, 2012

Nienhüser, Dennis and Bär, Tobias and Kohlhaas, Ralf and Schamm, Thomas and Zimmermann, Jochen and Gumpp, Thomas and Strand, Marcus and Bringmann, Oliver and Zöllner, Johann Marius, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH Halle, Germany, 2012

Franz Brosch and Heiko Koziolek and Barbora Buhnova and Ralf Reussner, IEEE Computer Society, 2011

With the increasing importance of reliability in business and industrial software systems, new techniques of architecture-based reliability engineering are becoming an integral part of the development process. These techniques can assist system architects in evaluating the reliability impact of their design decisions. Architecture-based reliability engineering is only effective if the involved reliability models reflect the interaction and usage of software components and their deployment to potentially unreliable hardware. However, existing approaches either neglect individual impact factors on reliability or hard-code them into formal models, which limits their applicability in component-based development processes. This paper introduces a reliability modelling and prediction technique that considers the relevant architectural factors of software systems by explicitly modelling the system usage profile and execution environment and automatically deriving component usage profiles. The technique offers a UML-like modelling notation, whose models are automatically transformed into a formal analytical model. Our work builds upon the Palladio Component Model, employing novel techniques of information propagation and reliability assessment. We validate our technique with sensitivity analyses and simulation in two case studies. The case studies demonstrate effective support of usage profile analysis and architectural configuration ranking, together with the employment of reliability-improving architecture tactics.

Happe, Jens and Koziolek, Heiko and Reussner, Ralf, 2011

Anne Martens and Heiko Koziolek and Lutz Prechelt and Ralf Reussner, Springer Netherlands, 2011

Background: Model-based performance evaluation methods for software architectures can help architects to assess design alternatives and save costs for late life-cycle performance fixes. A recent trend is component-based performance modelling, which aims at creating reusable performance models; a number of such methods have been proposed during the last decade. Their accuracy and the needed effort for modelling are heavily influenced by human factors, which are so far hardly understood empirically. Objective: Do component-based methods allow to make performance predictions with a comparable accuracy while saving effort in a reuse scenario? We examined three monolithic methods (SPE, umlPSI, Capacity Planning (CP)) and one component-based performance evaluation method (PCM) with regard to their accuracy and effort from the viewpoint of method users. Methods: We conducted a series of three experiments (with different levels of control) involving 47 computer science students. In the first experiment, we compared the applicability of the monolithic methods in order to choose one of them for comparison. In the second experiment, we compared the accuracy and effort of this monolithic and the component-based method for the model creation case. In the third, we studied the effort reduction from reusing component-based models. Data were collected based on the resulting artefacts, questionnaires and screen recording. They were analysed using hypothesis testing, linear models, and analysis of variance. Results: For the monolithic methods, we found that using SPE and CP resulted in accurate predictions, while umlPSI produced over-estimates. Comparing the component-based method PCM with SPE, we found that creating reusable models using PCM takes more (but not drastically more) time than using SPE and that participants can create accurate models with both techniques. Finally, we found that reusing PCM models can save time, because effort to reuse can be explained by a model that is independent of the inner complexity of a component. Limitations: The tasks performed in our experiments reflect only a subset of the actual activities when applying model-based performance evaluation methods in a software development process. Conclusions: Our results indicate that sufficient prediction accuracy can be achieved with both monolithic and component-based methods, and that the higher effort for component-based performance modelling will indeed pay off when the component models incorporate and hide a sufficient amount of complexity.

Sebastian Reiter, Andreas Braun, Rico Hauke, Alexander Leonhardi, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel , 2011

Benjamin Klatt and Klaus Krogmann, 2011

Software vendors often need to vary their products to satisfy customer-specific requirements. In many cases, existing code is reused and adapted to the new project needs. This copy&paste course of action leads a multiproduct code-base that is hard to maintain. Software Product Lines (SPL) emerged as an appropriate concept to manage product families with common functionality and code bases. Evolutionary SPLs, with a product-first-approach and an exposed product line, provide advantages such as a reduced time-to-market and SPLs based on evaluated and proven products.

N. Heussner, S. Schnichels, M. Spitzer, K. U. Bartz-Schmidt, W. Stork, 2011

S. Klinkhammer, N. Heussner, K. Huska, T. Bocksrocker, F. Geislhoeringer, C. Vannahme, T. Mappes, U. Lemmer, 2011

A. Rashid, B. Rosales Saurer, 2011

Asarnusch Rashid, Tom Zentek, Bruno Rosales, Gabi Stummer, Natalie Krämer, Christophe Kunze, 2011

Waibel, Markus and Beetz, Michael and Civera, Javier and d'Andrea, Raffaello and Elfring, Jos and Galvez-Lopez, Dorian and Haussermann, Kai and Janssen, Rob and Montiel, JMM and Perzylo, Alexander and others, 2011

Haslhofer, Bernhard and Momeni Roochi, Elaheh and Schandl, Bernhard and Zander, Stefan, University of Vienna, 2011

Andreas Braun, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2011

Sebastian Reiter, Andreas Braun, Rico Hauke, Alexander Leonhardi, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2011

Viktor Schubert and Hendro Wicaksono and Kiril Aleksandrov, Shaker, 2011

Gottwalt, Sebastian and Ketter, Wolfgang and Block, Carsten and Collins, John and Weinhardt, Christof, 2011

Manfred Broy and Ralf Reussner, IEEE Computer Society, 2010

Jens Happe and Steffen Becker and Christoph Rathfelder and Holger Friedrich and Ralf H. Reussner, Elsevier, 2010

Performance prediction methods can help software architects to identify potential performance problems, such as bottlenecks, in their software systems during the design phase. In such early stages of the software life-cycle, only a little information is available about the system?s implementation and execution environment. However, these details are crucial for accurate performance predictions. Performance completions close the gap between available high-level models and required low-level details. Using model-driven technologies, transformations can include details of the implementation and execution environment into abstract performance models. However, existing approaches do not consider the relation of actual implementations and performance models used for prediction. Furthermore, they neglect the broad variety of possible implementations and middleware platforms, possible configurations, and possible usage scenarios. In this paper, we (i) establish a formal relation between generated performance models and generated code, (ii) introduce a design and application process for parametric performance completions, and (iii) develop a parametric performance completion for Message-oriented Middleware according to our method. Parametric performance completions are independent of a specific platform, reflect performance-relevant software configurations, and capture the influence of different usage scenarios. To evaluate the prediction accuracy of the completion for Message-oriented Middleware, we conducted a real-world case study with the SPECjms2007 Benchmark [http://www.spec.org/jms2007/]. The observed deviation of measurements and predictions was below 10% to 15%

Klaus Krogmann and Michael Kuperberg and Ralf Reussner, IEEE, 2010

In component-based software engineering, existing components are often re-used in new applications. Correspondingly, the response time of an entire component-based application can be predicted from the execution durations of individual component services. These execution durations depend on the runtime behaviour of a component, which itself is influenced by three factors: the execution platform, the usage profile, and the component wiring. To cover all relevant combinations of these influencing factors, conventional prediction of response times requires repeated deployment and measurements of component services for all such combinations, incurring a substantial effort. This paper presents a novel comprehensive approach for reverse engineering and performance prediction of components. In it, genetic programming is utilised for reconstructing a behaviour model from monitoring data, runtime bytecode counts and static bytecode analysis. The resulting behaviour model is parametrised over all three performance-influencing factors, which are specified separately. This results in significantly fewer measurements: the behaviour model is reconstructed only once per component service, and one application-independent bytecode benchmark run is sufficient to characterise an execution platform. To predict the execution durations for a concrete platform, our approach combines the behaviour model with platform-specific benchmarking results. We validate our approach by predicting the performance of a file sharing application.

Manuel Loesch, Markus Miche, Friedbert Kaspar, Marc Brogle, Thomas Michael Bohnert, 2010

This paper shows how we realized a prototypical platform for interconnecting vehicles and business systems based on mobile cellular networks and Web service standards. However, Web services have been originally designed for broadband networks like the conventional, non-mobile Internet. Because of the incomplete coverage of 3G cellular networks, especially the bandwidth limitation of 2G cellular networks has to be seen as bottleneck. Thus, we surveyed different approaches for improving the SOAP layer in order to achieve efficient and scalable Web service communication. The impact of compression and usage of binary XML on the message size, transmission time, and scalability is evaluated based on realistic application scenarios and various bandwidth classes. We come to the conclusion that existing technologies can be used to achieve significant improvements in bandwidth-limited networks. However, we further show that such a SOAP layer optimization does not come along with noticeable benefits in broadband networks.

Klaus Krogmann and Michael Kuperberg and Ralf Reussner, IEEE, 2010

In component-based software engineering, existing components are often re-used in new applications. Correspondingly, the response time of an entire component-based application can be predicted from the execution durations of individual component services. These execution durations depend on the runtime behaviour of a component, which itself is influenced by three factors: the execution platform, the usage profile, and the component wiring. To cover all relevant combinations of these influencing factors, conventional prediction of response times requires repeated deployment and measurements of component services for all such combinations, incurring a substantial effort. This paper presents a novel comprehensive approach for reverse engineering and performance prediction of components. In it, genetic programming is utilised for reconstructing a behaviour model from monitoring data, runtime bytecode counts and static bytecode analysis. The resulting behaviour model is parametrised over all three performance-influencing factors, which are specified separately. This results in significantly fewer measurements: the behaviour model is reconstructed only once per component service, and one application-independent bytecode benchmark run is sufficient to characterise an execution platform. To predict the execution durations for a concrete platform, our approach combines the behaviour model with platform-specific benchmarking results. We validate our approach by predicting the performance of a file sharing application.

Bock, Jürgen and Lenk, Alexander and Dänschel, Carsten, 2010

Häussermann, Kai and Zweigle, O and Levi, Paul and Wieland, M and Leymann, F and Siemoneit, O and Hubig, C, 2010

Käppeler, UP and Zweigle, O and Rajaie, H and Häussermann, K and Tamke, A and Koch, A and Eckstein, B and Aichele, F and DiMarco, D and Berthelot, A and others, 2010

Heuer, Stephan and Saurer, Bruno Rosales and Fuhrhop, Silvester, VDE VERLAG GmbH, 2010

Saurer, B. R. and Mueller-Gorchs, M. and Kunze, Christophe and Bustillo, A.A. and Heuer, Stephan, VDE VERLAG GmbH, 2010

Hirsch, Christian and Hillemacher, Lutz and Block, Carsten and Schuller, Alexander and Möst, Dominik, 2010

Zimmermann, Jochen and Pressler, Michael and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, 2010

Xue, Zhixing and Rühl, Steffen W. and Hermann, Andreas and Kerscher, Thilo and Dillmann, Ruediger, 2010

Pulter, Natalja and Nimis, Jens and Lockemann, Peter C., Springer-Verlag, 2010

Hanysz, Martin and Hoppe, Tobias and Uhl, Axel and Seibel, Andreas and Giese, Holger and Berger, Philipp and Hildebrandt, Stephan, 2010

Andreas Cardeneo, Iris Heckmann, Michael Keppler, 2010

Offermann, Philipp and Blom, Sören and Levina, Olga and Bub, Udo, 2010

Steffen Becker and Heiko Koziolek and Ralf Reussner, Elsevier Science Inc., 2009

One aim of component-based software engineering (CBSE) is to enable the prediction of extra-functional properties, such as performance and reliability, utilising a well-defined composition theory. Nowadays, such theories and their accompanying prediction methods are still in a maturation stage. Several factors influencing extra-functional properties need additional research to be understood. A special problem in CBSE stems from its specific development process: Software components should be specified and implemented independently from their later context to enable reuse. Thus, extra-functional properties of components need to be specified in a parametric way to take different influencing factors like the hardware platform or the usage profile into account. Our approach uses the Palladio component model (PCM) to specify component-based software architectures in a parametric way. This model offers direct support of the CBSE development process by dividing the model creation among the developer roles. This paper presents our model and a simulation tool based on it, which is capable of making performance predictions. Within a case study, we show that the resulting prediction accuracy is sufficient to support the evaluation of architectural design decisions.

Gregor, Engels and Michael, Goedicke and Ursula, Goltz and Andreas, Rausch and Ralf, Reussner, 2009

Klaus Krogmann and Ralf Reussner, 2009

Die Verwendung von Komponenten ist ein anerkanntes Prinzip in der Software-Entwicklung. Dabei werden Software-Komponenten zumeist als Black-Boxes aufgefasst, deren Interna vor einem Komponenten-Verwender verborgen sind. Architektur-Analyse- Verfahren zur Vorhersage nicht-funktionaler Eigenschaften erlauben bspw. auf der Architekturebene Dimensionierungsfragestellungen fuer Hardware- / Software-Umgebungen zu beantworten, sowie Skalierbarkeitsanalysen und Was-Waere-Wenn-Szenarien fuer die Erweiterung von Altsystemen durchzufuehren. Dazu benoetigen sie jedoch Informationen ueber Interna (bspw. die Anzahl abgearbeiteter Schleifen oder Aufrufe externer Dienste) von Komponenten. Um an solche Informationen zu gelangen muessen existierende Software-Komponenten analysiert werden. Die benoetigten Informationen ueber das Innere der Komponenten muessen dabei derart rekonstruiert werden, dass sie fuer anschlie\ssende Analyseverfahren nicht-funktionaler Eigenschaften genutzt werden koennen. Eine haendische Rekonstruktion solcher Modelle scheitert haeufig an der Groe\sse der Systeme und ist sehr fehleranfaellig, da konsistente Abstraktionen ueber potentiell tausende Zeilen von Code gefunden werden muessen. Bestehende Verfahren liefern dabei nicht die notwendigen Daten- und Kontrollflussabstraktionen die fuer Analysen und Simulationen benoetigt werden. Der Beitrag dieses Papiers ist ein Reverse Engineering Verfahren fuer Komponentenverhalten. Die daraus resultierenden Modelle (Palladio Komponentenmodell) eignen sich zur Vorhersage von Performanz-Eigenschaften (Antwortzeit, Durchsatz) und damit fuer die oben angefuehrten Fragestellungen. Die aus Quellcode rekonstruierten Modelle umfassen parametrisierten Kontroll- und Datenfluss fuer Software-Komponenten und stellen eine Abstraktion realer Zusammenh¨ange im Quellcode dar. Das Reverse Engineering Verfahren kombiniert dabei ueber Genetische Programmierung (einer Form von Maschinen Lernen) statische und dynamische Analyseverfahren.

Klaus Krogmann and Ralf Reussner, 2009

Die Verwendung von Komponenten ist ein anerkanntes Prinzip in der Software-Entwicklung. Dabei werden Software-Komponenten zumeist als Black-Boxes aufgefasst, deren Interna vor einem Komponenten-Verwender verborgen sind. Architektur-Analyse- Verfahren zur Vorhersage nicht-funktionaler Eigenschaften erlauben bspw. auf der Architekturebene Dimensionierungsfragestellungen fuer Hardware- / Software-Umgebungen zu beantworten, sowie Skalierbarkeitsanalysen und Was-Waere-Wenn-Szenarien fuer die Erweiterung von Altsystemen durchzufuehren. Dazu benoetigen sie jedoch Informationen ueber Interna (bspw. die Anzahl abgearbeiteter Schleifen oder Aufrufe externer Dienste) von Komponenten. Um an solche Informationen zu gelangen muessen existierende Software-Komponenten analysiert werden. Die benoetigten Informationen ueber das Innere der Komponenten muessen dabei derart rekonstruiert werden, dass sie fuer anschlie\ssende Analyseverfahren nicht-funktionaler Eigenschaften genutzt werden koennen. Eine haendische Rekonstruktion solcher Modelle scheitert haeufig an der Groe\sse der Systeme und ist sehr fehleranfaellig, da konsistente Abstraktionen ueber potentiell tausende Zeilen von Code gefunden werden muessen. Bestehende Verfahren liefern dabei nicht die notwendigen Daten- und Kontrollflussabstraktionen die fuer Analysen und Simulationen benoetigt werden. Der Beitrag dieses Papiers ist ein Reverse Engineering Verfahren fuer Komponentenverhalten. Die daraus resultierenden Modelle (Palladio Komponentenmodell) eignen sich zur Vorhersage von Performanz-Eigenschaften (Antwortzeit, Durchsatz) und damit fuer die oben angefuehrten Fragestellungen. Die aus Quellcode rekonstruierten Modelle umfassen parametrisierten Kontroll- und Datenfluss fuer Software-Komponenten und stellen eine Abstraktion realer Zusammenh¨ange im Quellcode dar. Das Reverse Engineering Verfahren kombiniert dabei ueber Genetische Programmierung (einer Form von Maschinen Lernen) statische und dynamische Analyseverfahren.

Hellfeld, Stefan and Mevius, Marco and Oberweis, Andreas, 2009

Schandl, Bernhard and Zander, Stefan, 2009

Schandl, Bernhard and Zander, Stefan, 2009

Andreas Braun, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2009

Jürgen Bock, 2009

Baumgart, Ingmar and Heep, Bernhard and Krause, Stephan, K.G. Saur Verlag, 2009

Käppeler, Uwe-Philipp and Benkmann, Ruben and Zweigle, Oliver and Lafrenz, Reinhard and Levi, Paul, IOS Press, 2008

LAFRENZ, Reinhard and SCHANZ, Michael and K\"APPELER, Uwe-Philipp and ZWEIGLE, Oliver and RAJAIE, Hamid and SCHREIBER, Frank and LEVI, Paul, 2008

Andreas Braun, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2008

Neumann, Susanne and Oberhuemer, Petra and Zander, Stefan and Prenner, Philipp, 2007

Baumgart, Ingmar, K.G. Saur, 2007

Dezentrale Voice-over-IP-Netze stellen insbesondere in Katastrophenschutzszenarien sowie in Gebieten ohne zentrale Infrastrukturversorgung eine vielversprechende Alternative zu klassischen SIP-Netzen dar. Dieser Artikel gibt zunächst einen \"Uberblick über aktuelle Entwicklungen innerhalb der IETF P2PSIP Working Group, die sich als Ziel die Standardisierung eines dezentralen VoIP-Protokolls auf Basis von SIP gesetzt hat. Darauf folgt die Beschreibung einer P2PSIP-Architektur, die insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Sicherheitsanforderungen eines dezentralen VoIP-Netzes entworfen wurde -- eine Herausforderung, die bisher kaum betrachtet wurde.

Steffen Becker and Ralf Reussner, RSTI, 2006

Component adapters are used to bridge interoperability problems between the required interface of a component and the provided interface of another component. As bridging functional mismatches is frequently required, the use of adapters is unavoidable. In these cases an impact on the Quality of Service resulting from the adaptation is often undesired. Nevertheless, some adapters are deployed to change the Quality of Service on purpose when the interoperability problem results from mismatching Quality of Service. This emphasises the need of adequate prediction models for the impact of component adaptation on the Quality of Service characteristics. We present research on the impact of adaptation on the Quality of Service and focus on unresolved issues hindering effective predictions nowadays.

Hasselbring, Wilhelm and Reussner, Ralf H., 2006

Gabdoulline, Razif. R. and Ulbrich, S and Richter, S. and Wade, R. C., Oxford Univ Press, 2006

Siebert, Matthias and Xu, Bangnan and Grigat, Michael and Weis, Erik and Bayer, Nico and Sivchenko, Dimitry and Banniza, Thomas-Rolf and Wünstel, Klaus and Wahl, Stephan and Sigle, Rolf and Keller, Ralf and Dekorsy, Armin and, Oldenburg, 2006

U. Clausen and R. Scheffermann and O. Schlüter, 2005

Krause, Matthias and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, 2005

Kratz, Benedikt and Reussner, Ralf and van den Heuvel, Willem-Jan, IOS Press, 2004

The notions of design and process cut across many disciplines. Applications of abstract notions of design and process to engineering problem solving would certainly redefine and expand the notion of engineering itself in the 21st century. This Journal of SDPS strives to be the repository of human knowledge covering interdisciplinary notions of design and process in a rigorous fashion. We expect and encourage papers crossing the boundaries back and forth in mathematical landscape as well as among mathematics, physics, economics, management science, and engineering. Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science is an archival, peer-reviewed technical journal publishing the following types of papers: a) Research papers, b) Reports on case studies, c) Reports on major design and process projects, d) Design and process standards and proposals, and e) Insightful tutorials on design and process. It has been observed that most of the work related to design and process is interdisciplinary and until recently has been scattered in journals of many diverse disciplines. The objective on this journal is to publish state-of-the-art papers in this expanding field, providing an international and interdisciplinary forum for best work in design and process related areas. The audience of this journal will have a single source to stay current on new and quality work as academic research papers and synthesis on best-practices. Consistent with SDPS philosophy, the Journal strives to maintain an international and interdisciplinary balance by relying on experts from various corners of the world. Authors whose work are in the domain of interdisciplinary no-man's land with a flavor of design and process are encouraged to submit their papers to this Journal. The readership of this journal includes participants from academia and industry.

Reussner, Ralf H., 2003

The purpose of this tutorial is to provide concepts and historical background of the ?network integration testing? (NIT) methodology. NIT is a ?grey box? testing technique that is aimed at verifying the correct behaviour of interconnected networks (operated by different operators) in provisioning services to end users, or the behaviour of a complex network operated by a unique operator. The main technical concepts behind this technique are presented along with the history of some International projects that have contributed to its early definition and application. European Institute for Research and Strategic Studies in Telecommunication (EURESCOM) has actually been very active, with many projects, in defining the NIT basic methodology and providing actual NIT specifications (for narrow-band and broad-band services, covering both voice and data). EURESCOM has also been acting as a focal point in the area, e.g., encouraging the Industry in developing commercial tools supporting NIT. In particular, the EURESCOM P412 project (1994?1996) first explicitly defined the NIT methodology (the methodological aspects include test notation, test implementation, test processes, distributed testing and related co-ordination aspects). P412 applied the methodology to ISDN whilst another project, P410, applied NIT to data services. The P613 project (1997?1999) extended the basic NIT methodology to the broad band and GSM. More into details, the areas covered currently by NIT test specifications developed by EURESCOM projects include N-ISDN, N-ISUP, POTS, B-ISDN, B-ISUP, IP over ATM, ATM/FR, GSM, focusing also on their ?inter-working? cases (e.g., ISDN/ISDN, ISDN/GSM, etc.). ETSI, the European Telecommunication Standards Institute, also contributed to NIT development (e.g., the definition of the TSP1+ protocol, used for the functional co-ordination and timing synchronisation of all tools involved in a distributed testing session). The paper also discusses NIT in relation to the recent major changes (processes) within the telecommunication (TLC) community. Beyond the new needs coming from the pure technical aspects (integration of voice and data, fixed mobile convergence, etc.) the full deregulation of the TLC sector has already generated new processes and new testing needs (e.g., Interconnection Testing) that had a significant influence on the methodology. NIT is likely to continue to develop further in the future according to the needs of telecom operators, authorities, user?s associations and suppliers.

Reussner, Ralf H., 2003

Reussner, Ralf H. and Schmidt, Heinz W. and Poernomo, Iman, 2003

Due to the increasing size and complexity of software systems, software architectures have become a crucial part in development projects. A lot of effort has been put into defining formal ways for describing architecture specifications using Architecture Description Languages (ADLs). Since no common ADL today offers tools for evaluating the performance, an attempt to develop such a tool based on an event-based simulation engine has been made. Common ADLs were investigated and the work was based on the fundamentals within the field of software architectures. The tool was evaluated both in terms of correctness in predictions as well as usability to show that it actually is possible to evaluate the performance using high-level architectures as models.

Andreas Cardeneo and Christoph Mohr, 2003

Reussner, Ralf H. and Sanders, Peter and Träff, Jesper Larsson, 2001

Schmidt, Heinz W. and Poernomo, Iman and Reussner, Ralf H., 2001

The increasing pressure for enterprises to join into agile business networks is changing the requirements on the enterprise computing systems. The supporting infrastructure is increasingly required to provide common facilities and societal infrastructure services to support the lifecycle of loosely-coupled, eContract-governed business networks. The required facilities include selection of those autonomously administered business services that the enterprises are prepared to provide and use, contract negotiations, and furthermore, monitoring of the contracted behaviour with potential for breach management. The essential change is in the requirement of a clear mapping between business-level concepts and the automation support for them. Our work has focused on developing B2B middleware to address the above challenges; however, the architecture is not feasible without management facilities for trust-aware decisions for entering business networks and interacting within them. This paper discusses how trust-based decisions are supported and positioned in the B2B middleware.

A. Hergenhan, W. Rosenstiel, 2000

von Knethen, Antje and Kamsties, Erik and Reussner, Ralf H. and Bunse, Christian and Shen, Bin, 1999

Andreas Cardeneo, 1999

Koch, Gernot H. and Rosenstiel, W. and Kebschull, U., 1998

Gernot Koch and Ulrich Weinmann and Udo Kebschull and Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 1996

C. Hansen, 1995

F. Dresig, C. Hansen , U. Knüttel, A. Schmidt, 1995

Küster, M. and Viehl, A. and Burger, A. and Bringmann, O. and Rosenstiel, W.

Burger, A. and Ecker, W. and Bringmann, O. and Rosenstiel, W.

Foued Jrad and Jie Tao and Rico Knapper and Christoph M. Flath and Achim Streit

Müller-Quade, Jörn and Achenbach, Dirk and Löwe, Bernhard

Andranik Khachatryan and Emmanuel Müller and Christian Stier and Klemens Böhm

Viehl, Alexander and Sander, Björn and Bringmann, Oliver and Yang, Fan and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang

Viehl, Alexander and Schwarz, Markus and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang

Reiter, S and Becker, M and Bringmann, O and Burger, A and Chaari, M and Drechsler, R and Ecker, W and Kruse, T and Kuznik, C and Laufenberg, J and others

Burger, Andreas and Reiter, Sebastian and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang

Sandblom, Fredrik and Sorstedt, Joakim and Ulbrich, Simon and Nothdurft, Tobias and Maurer, Markus and Hecker, Peter and Beck, Johannes and Stiller, Christoph

Reiter, Sebastian and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang

Haetzer, Bastian and Radetzki, Martin and Kaushik, Anirudh and Patel, Hiren D and Hong, Wei and Joshi, Jyoti and Viehl, Alexander and Bannow, Nico and Kramer, Angela and Post, Hendrik and others

Kohlhaas, Ralf and Zöllner, J

Schamm, Thomas and Kohlhaas, Ralf and Strand, Marcus and Zöllner, J Marius and Hannover, TIB and Schlussbericht, BMBF

Kaiser, Jacques and Friedrich, Alexander and Tieck, J. Camilo Vasquez and Reichard, Daniel and Roennau, Arne and Neftci, Emre and Dillmann, Rüdiger

Kaiser, Jacques and Hoff, Michael and Konle, Andreas and Tieck, J. Camilo Vasquez and Kappel, David and Reichard, Daniel and Subramoney, Anand and Legenstein, Robert and Roennau, Arne and Maass, Wolfgang and Dillmann, Rüedige, Frontiers

Tieck, J. Camilo Vasquez and Schnell, Tristan and Kaiser, Jacques and Mauch, Felix and Roennau, Arne and Dillmann, Rüdiger, Frontiers

Kaiser, Jacques and Hoff, Michael and Konle, Andreas and Tieck, J. Camilo Vasquez and Kappel, David and Reichard, Daniel and Subramoney, Anand and Legenstein, Robert and Roennau, Arne and Maass, Wolfgang and Dillmann, Rüedige, Frontiers

Falotico, Egidio and Vannucci, Lorenzo and Ambrosano, Alessandro and Albanese, Ugo and Ulbrich, Stefan and Tieck, Juan Camilo Vasquez and Hinkel, Georg and Kaiser, Jacques and Peric, Igor and Denninger, Oliver and Cauli, Nino, Frontiers

Kaiser, Jacques and Hoff, Michael and Konle, Andreas and Tieck, J. Camilo Vasquez and Kappel, David and Reichard, Daniel and Subramoney, Anand and Legenstein, Robert and Roennau, Arne and Maass, Wolfgang and Dillmann, Rüedige, Frontiers

Tieck, J. Camilo Vasquez and Steffen, Lea and Kaiser, Jacques and Reichard, Daniel and Roennau, Arne and Dillmann, Rüdiger, IGI Global

Falotico, Egidio and Vannucci, Lorenzo and Ambrosano, Alessandro and Albanese, Ugo and Ulbrich, Stefan and Tieck, Juan Camilo Vasquez and Hinkel, Georg and Kaiser, Jacques and Peric, Igor and Denninger, Oliver and Cauli, Nino, Frontiers

Kaiser, Jacques and Hoff, Michael and Konle, Andreas and Tieck, J. Camilo Vasquez and Kappel, David and Reichard, Daniel and Subramoney, Anand and Legenstein, Robert and Roennau, Arne and Maass, Wolfgang and Dillmann, Rüedige, Frontiers

Falotico, Egidio and Vannucci, Lorenzo and Ambrosano, Alessandro and Albanese, Ugo and Ulbrich, Stefan and Tieck, Juan Camilo Vasquez and Hinkel, Georg and Kaiser, Jacques and Peric, Igor and Denninger, Oliver and Cauli, Nino, Frontiers

Kaiser, Jacques and Hoff, Michael and Konle, Andreas and Tieck, J. Camilo Vasquez and Kappel, David and Reichard, Daniel and Subramoney, Anand and Legenstein, Robert and Roennau, Arne and Maass, Wolfgang and Dillmann, Rüedige, Frontiers

Kaiser, Jacques and Friedrich, Alexander and Tieck, J. Camilo Vasquez and Reichard, Daniel and Roennau, Arne and Neftci, Emre and Dillmann, Rüediger

Wiener, Patrick and Zehnder, Philipp and Heyden, Marco and Philipp, Patrick and Riemer, Dominik

Cedric Kulbach, Patrick Philipp, Steffen Thoma, 2020

Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) is the challenge of finding machine learning models with high predictive performance without the need for specialized data scientists. Existing approaches optimize a pipeline of pre-processing, feature engineering, model selection and hyperparameter optimization, and assume that the user is fully aware of the choice of the underlying metric (such as precision, recall or F1-measure). However, end-users are often unaware of the actual implications of choosing a metric, as the resulting models often significantly vary in their predictions. In this work, we propose a framework to personalise AutoML for individual end-users by learning a designated ranking model from pairwise user preferences and using the latter as the metric function for state-of-the-art AutoML systems. Given a set of possible metrics, we generate candidate models by repeatedly running AutoML with combinations of the former and have the user choose between pairs of resulting models. We use RankNet to learn a personalized ranking function for the end-user, which is used as loss function for final run of a standard AutoML system. To evaluate our proposed framework we define three preferences a user could pursue and show that a ranking model is able to learn these preferences from pairwise comparisons. Furthermore, by changing the metric function of AutoML we show that a personalized preference is able to improve machine learning pipelines. We evaluated the ability of learning a personalized preference and the entire framework on several OpenML multi-class classification datasets.

Stach, Christoph, Giebler, Corinna, Wagner, Manuela, Weber, Christian, Mitschang, Bernhard , 2020

Jacob Langner, Christian Seiffer, Stefan Otten, Kai-Lukas Bauer, Marc Holzäpfel, Eric Sax, 2020

Jacob Langner, Kai-Lukas Bauer, Marc Holzäpfel, Eric Sax , 2020

Willrich, Sven and Straub, Tim and Weinhardt, Christof, 2020

Annika Meyer, Jonas Walter, Martin Lauer, Christoph Stiller, 2020

In diesem Beitrag wird ein Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo-Ansatz vorgestellt, der ohne Kartenvorwissen sowohl das geometrische Layout einer Kreuzung als auch den genauen Verlauf der Fahrstreifen aus den Fahrtverläufen anderer Verkehrsteilnehmer schätzt. Das Modell ist fexibel gestaltet und nicht auf eine bestimmte Anzahl Arme oder Fahrstreifen beschränkt. Das Verfahren ist so konzipiert, dass laufend neue Messungen aufgenommen und genauso kontinuierlich Schätzungen abgegeben werden können. Der Ansatz wird auf 1.000 simulierten und 14 realen Kreuzungen evaluiert. Das Layout der Kreuzung kann dabei in unter 30 ms in mehr als 99% der Fälle richtig geschatzt werden. Auf dieser Basis erreicht die Fahrstreifenschätzung in 100 ms einen Fehler von nur 14 cm. Nach den genannten Zeiten verbessert sich die Schätzung kontinuierlich durch Aufnahme neuer Messungen und Analyse weiterer Hypothesen.

Tobias Fleck, Sven Ochs, Marc René Zofka and J. Marius Zöllner, 2020

Maximilian Zipfl, Tobias Fleck, Marc Rene Zofka and J. Marius Zollner, 2020

Clemens Schreiber , Gunther Schiefer , Sascha Alpers , Marius Take und Andreas Oberweis, 2020

Das Verstärkende Lernen (Reinforcement Learning) stellt einen wichtigen Ansatz für Systeme der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI-Systeme) dar. Dabei steigt der Anspruch an die Erklärbarkeit der KI-Systeme mit zunehmender Risikobehaftung der zu lösenden Problemstellungen. Um den Lernprozess beim Verstärkenden Lernen nachvollziehbar zu machen, verfolgen wir einen prozessorientierten Lernansatz. Zunächst soll der Lernprozess mit Hilfe eines grafischen Prozessmodells abgebildet werden, um eine Visualisierung der einzelnen Lernschritte zu ermöglichen. Diese Prozessmodellierung soll durch die Verwendung von Process Mining Methoden erfolgen. In einem weiteren Schritt soll den Anwendern die Möglichkeit gegeben werden, anhand der Prozessmodelle die Entscheidungsfindung der Algorithmen zu beeinflussen. Eine mögliche Art der Einflussnahme ist zum Beispiel die Beschränkung des Hypothesenraumes, der mit Hilfe des Verstärkenden Lernens erkundet werden soll. Auf diese Weise agiert das Prozessmodell als grafische Schnittstelle zwischen maschinellem Lernprozess und Anwender. Das wesentliche Ziel dieses neuen Ansatzes ist es, die Erklärbarkeit von KI-Systemen und die Kooperationsfähigkeit zwischen Anwendern und KI-Systemen zu verbessern. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Grundlagen, um dieses Ziel mit Hilfe von prozessorientiertem Reinforcement Learning zu erreichen.

L.A. Mathis, F. Diederichs, H. Widlroither, D. Ruscio, L. Napoletano, M. R. Zofka, A. Viehl, P. Fröhlich, J. Friedrich, A. Lindström, B.Thorslund, A. Litke, N. Papadakis, et al., 2020

Bo Liu, Thomas Glock, Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Matthias Kern, Eric Sax, Jürgen Becker, 2020

Florian Oszwald, Philipp Obergfell, Bo Liu, Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Jürgen Becker, 2020

Christoph Frohneberg M.A., Norderstedt BoD - Books on Demand , 2020

Anna Hess, 2020

Matthias Kern, Thomas Glock, Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Bo Liu, Jürgen Becker, Eric Sax, VDI Verlag GmbH, 2020

Durch die zunehmende Vernetzung und neuen vertikalen Kommunikationspfaden von der Feldebene bis zur Cloud, sind Industrie 4.0 (I4.0) Anlagen zunehmend Cyber-Bedrohungen ausgesetzt. Security by Design ist das Prinzip bereits während der Planungsphase behebbare Sicherheitsrisiken zu vermeiden. Dabei kommen Security-Analysen zum Einsatz, die von der Identifizierung und Bewertung der zu schützenden Werte und deren Bedrohungen bis hin zur Festlegung von Sicherheitsanforderungen und der Auswahl von geeigneten Gegenmaßnahmen reichen. Eine große Herausforderung besteht darin, die Anzahl an Sensoren, Aktoren, Steuerungen und Netzwerken, die je nach Anlagengröße variieren können, in einer beherrschbaren Security Analyse zu betrachten. Um diesen Herausforderungen bereits in der frühen Anlagenplanung gerecht zu werden und um die Nachvollziehbarkeit, Konsistenz- und Vollständigkeitsprüfungen der Security-Analysen zu erhöhen, sind modellbasierte Lösungsansätze potentiell geeignet. Dieser Beitrag stellt einen Ansatz einer Entwicklungsunterstützung vor, die modellbasierte I4.0 Planungsmodelle, IT-Sicherheitsbewertungen, Sicherheitsanforderungen und geeignete Gegenmaßnahmen in einem Modell erfasst, um diese auch in wiederholten Security-Analysen nutzen zu können.

Zipfl, Maximilian and Fleck, Tobias and Zofka, Marc and Marius, J Zoellner, 2020

Cornaglia, Alessandro and Hasan, Md Shakib and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, 2020

Salscheider, Niels Ole, 2020

Hertlein, Felix and Munch, David and Arens, Michael, 2020

Wiener, Patrick and Zehnder, Philipp and Heyden, Marco and Philipp, Patrick and Riemer, Dominik, 2020

Pascal Becker, Christian Roth, Arne Rönnau, Rüdiger Dillmann, 2020

Manuel Schwartz and Thomas Rudolf and Sören Hohmann, IEEE, 2020

The scope of this paper is the design and evaluation of a robust position and velocity tracking control of a four-wheel drive and four-wheel steered electric vehicle (4WD4WS EV). In an autonomous setup, an H_inf-controller based on the normalized coprime factor synthesis followed by a flat velocity control with an asymptotic stable tracking error is designed. Optimized force control allocation (CA) is supported by state of the art methods enhanced with the Redistributed Pseudoinverse (RPI) algorithm leading to a robust force distribution in case of actuator failure. The presented methods are applied to a continuous maneuver sequence covering parking as well as the double lane change and the weave test. Realistic and nonlinear disturbances on the steering and drive are considered. Therefore, a high gain observer coupled with SISO-control for each wheel supplements the cascaded control architecture. The results, considering measurement noise of the considered sensors, are discussed. For the given context, such a comprehensive controller structure has not been proposed or studied sufficiently.

Vilnai-Yavetz, Iris and Levina, Olga, 2020

Levina, Olga, 2020

Wiener, Patrick and Zehnder, Philipp and Riemer, Dominik, 2020

Wiener, Patrick and Zehnder, Philipp and Riemer, Dominik, 2020

Wiener, Patrick and Zehnder, Philipp and Heyden, Marco and Philipp, Patrick and Riemer, Dominik, 2020

Philipp Zehnder, Patrick Wiener, Tim Straub and Dominik Riemer, 2020

Accessing continuous time series data from various machines and sensors is a crucial task to enable data-driven decision making in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). However, connecting data from industrial machines to real-time analytics software is still technically complex and time-consuming due to the heterogeneity of protocols, formats and sensor types. To mitigate these challenges, we present StreamPipes Connect, targeted at domain experts to ingest, harmonize, and share time series data as part of our industry-proven open source IIoT analytics toolbox StreamPipes. Our main contributions are (i) a semantic adapter model including automated transformation rules for pre-processing, and (ii) a distributed architecture design to instantiate adapters at edge nodes where the data originates. The evaluation of a conducted user study shows that domain experts are capable of connecting new sources in less than a minute by using our system. The presented solution is publicly available as part of the open source software Apache StreamPipes.

Zehnder, Philipp and Wiener, Patrick and Straub, Tim and Riemer, Dominik, 2020

Annika Meyer, Jonas Walter, Martin Lauer, 2020

Estimating the current scene and understanding the potential maneuvers are essential capabilities of automated vehicles. Most approaches rely heavily on the correctness of maps, but neglect the possibility of outdated information. We present an approach that is able to estimate lanes without relying on any map prior. The estimation is based solely on the trajectories of other traffic participants and is thereby able to incorporate complex environments. In particular, we are able to estimate the scene in the presence of heavy traffic and occlusions. The algorithm first estimates a coarse lane-level intersection model by Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and refines it later by aligning the lane course with the measurements using a non-linear least squares formulation. We model the lanes as 1D cubic B-splines and can achieve error rates of less than 10cm within real-time.

Haubner, Nicolas and Setzer, Thomas, 2020

Timmermann, David and Friedel, Thomas and Roennau, Arne and Dillmann, Ruediger, 2020

In a human robot collaboration assembly scenario the human might not follow a given assembly plan for various reason. Therefore the robot is required to adapt it's behavior to those unpredictable situations. Normally this would require a lot of manual input by a human to reprogram the robot according to this new situation. The focus of this paper is a fully autonomous detection of the current assembly state of an object by just observing the not yet mounted parts. Based on the information of the not mounted parts present in the scene and all possible assembly sequences for a given object, stored in an AND/OR Graph, a traversal algorithm is proposed to determine all possible assembly states and decide on the most likely one. Furthermore, we propose an extension of the initial algorithm to handle non distinct parts. Last but not least the solutions is evaluated in 4 different assembly scenarios.

Wolfgang Badewitz, Simon Kloker, and Christof Weinhardt, IEEE, 2020

Data sharing between companies enables formerly unexploited potential for data-driven business applications. While it is clear how the owner of the business application will profit from the shared data, it is still in question how other stakeholders are incentivized to share data across company borders. We developed the data provision game based on a synthesized view of data value chains as a mathematical framework to analyze the economic interactions and incentives in a collaborative data network. We thereby emphasize revenue sharing as an important managing activity as everyone who contributes to a business application should profit from it in order to set right incentives. Further, we differentiate between entity-borne and network-borne activities. Finally, we formulated Shapley Pricing and Leave-One-Out Pricing as two options for revenue sharing mechanisms, which set incentives for welfare-optimal participation and data quality.

Marius Stübs, Tobias Mueller, Kai Bavendiek, Manuel Loesch, Sibylle Schupp, Hannes Federrath, Springer, 2020

The digitalization of power systems leads to a significant increase of energy consumers and generators with communication capabilities. Using data of such devices allows for a more efficient grid operation, e.g., by improving the balancing of power demand and supply. Fog Computing is a paradigm that enables efficient aggregation and processing of the measurements provided by energy consumers and generators. However, the introduction of these techniques is hindered by missing trust in the data protection, especially for personal-related data such as electric consumption. To resolve this conflict, we propose a privacy-preserving concept for the hierarchical aggregation of distributed data based on additive secret-sharing. To increase the trust towards the system, we model the concept and provide a formal proof of its confidentiality properties. We discuss the attacker models of colluding and non-colluding adversaries on the data flow and show how our scheme mitigates these attacks.

Pavlitskaya, Svetlana and Hubschneider, Christian and Weber, Michael and Moritz, Ruby and Huger, Fabian and Schlicht, Peter and Zollner, Marius, 2020

Not only correct scene understanding, but also abilityto understand the decision making process of neural net-works is essential for safe autonomous driving. Currentwork mainly focuses on uncertainty measures, often basedon Monte Carlo dropout, to gain at least some insight intoa models confidence. We investigate a mixture of expertsarchitecture to achieve additional interpretability while re-taining comparable result quality.By being able to use both the overall model output aswell as retaining the possibility to take into account individ-ual expert outputs, the agreement or disagreement betweenthose individual outputs can be used to gain insights into thedecision process. Expert networks are trained by splittingthe input data into semantic subsets,e.g. corresponding todifferent driving scenarios, to become experts in those do-mains. An additional gating network that is also trained onthe same input data is consequently used to weight the out-put of individual experts. We evaluate this mixture of expertsetup on the A2D2 dataset and achieve similar results to abaseline FRRN network trained on all available data, whilegetting additional information.

Wiener, Patrick and Zehnder, Philipp and Riemer, Dominik, Association for Computing Machinery, 2020

Zehnder, Philipp and Wiener, Patrick and Straub, Tim and Riemer, Dominik, 2020

B. Varga and Y. Burkhardt and S. Schwab and S. Hohmann, 2020

Varga, Balint and Shahirpour, Arash and Lemmer, Markus and Schwab, Stefan and Hohmann, Soren, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2020

This paper presents a novel cooperative control algorithm for vehicle-manipulators (VMs) with a human operator. VMs usually operate in unstructured environments, which means that a full automation of the overall system, combing a vehicle and a robotic manipulator is currently very challenging. Therefore, human operator controlled VMs are state-of-theart. With current developments in autonomous driving, the automation of the vehicle platform is within reach. A cooperative shared control between the autonomous platform and the human controlled manipulator can happen through the coupling motion between the vehicle platform and the manipulator. An autonomous vehicle platform can furthermore be used to support the human operator with the control of the manipulator. However, the future trajectory of the manipulator intended by the human operator is in general not known to the autonomous vehicle. The main question is thus how the autonomous vehicle should act in order to support the human controlled manipulator in following its unknown trajectory. To solve this problem, we propose an approach that characterizes the cooperation and the unknown errors with an algebraic equation. The novel approach is compared to cooperative control methods with known errors of the manipulator, based on the theory of differential games. The benefits of the proposed method are that no sensors for the environment perception and for the state measurements of the manipulator are necessary, which are demonstrated in simulations.

Varga, Balint and Shahirpour, Arash and Burkhardt, Yannick and Schwab, Stefan and Hohmann, Soeren, 2020

This paper presents the experimental validation and comparison of shared-control concepts for large vehiclemanipulators with a hydraulic robotic arm. The operation of such systems is difficult and a supporting automation can ease the psychological and physiological load on the human operator. The validation is performed with a real-time simulation of the vehicle-manipulator, with a graphical user interface and with the help of a force feedback joystick. The evaluation is done based on the deviation from the ground truth of the manipulator reference. Additionally, personal questionnaires are used to access the acceptance of the assistance system. The main advantage of this concept is that the automation does not need the reference of the manipulator, which facilitates a later real-life implementation easier. Therefore, this paper has three contributions: the validation of a novel shared-control concept for a vehicle-manipulator. Additionally, a practical tuning procedure is presented, in which the test persons adjust the controller parameters according to their preferences which leads to better results. Finally, the shared-control concept is extended with a supporting force feedback on the haptic user interface. These concepts are validated and compared with eachother on a test-bench in which the advantages of an active force feedback on the joystick are shown.

Jan Novacek, Arthur Kühlwein, Sebastian Reiter, Alexander Viehl, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2020

The paper presents an efficient approach to the semantic enrichment of measured sensor data in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), by bridging techniques from Model-driven Software Development (MDSD) and Semantic Web Technology (SWT). Our approach reinforces data interoperability, fostering data sharing and reuse, by utilizing SWT. Model-based and type-agnostic configuration reduces the overall effort for WSN setup and maintenance, which are traditionally complex and time-consuming tasks. The presented approach addresses the problem of large-scale WSN management through the application of SWT in WSN configuration and management without requiring expert knowledge. Additionally, we present a generic architecture and an implementation which is also supplemented by hands-on descriptions of an illustrative use case. Our experimental results demonstrate that our model-based approach provides non-intrusive semantic enrichment with sub-millisecond computational overhead, as well as partially automated configuration of WSNs.

Cedric Kulbach and Patrick Philipp and Steffen Thoma, IOS Press, 2020

P. Becker, C. Eichmann, A. Roennau, R. Dillmann, 2020

Königshof, Hendrik and Li, Kun and Stiller, Christoph, 2020

Königshof, Hendrik and Stiller, Christoph, 2020

Barbara Schütt, Thilo Braun, Stefan Otten, Eric Sax, 2020

Ensuring the functional correctness and safety of autonomous ve-hicles is a major challenge for the automotive industry. However,exhaustive physical test drives are not feasible, as billions of drivenkilometers would be required to obtain reliable results. Scenario-based testing is an approach to tackle this problem and reducenecessary test drives by replacing driven kilometers with simula-tions of relevant or interesting scenarios. These scenarios can begenerated or extracted from recorded data with machine learningalgorithms or created by experts. In this paper, we propose a novelgraphical scenario modeling language. The graphical frameworkallows experts to create new scenarios or review ones designed byother experts or generated by machine learning algorithms. Thescenario description is modeled as a graph and based on behaviortrees. It supports different abstraction levels of scenario descriptionduring software and test development. Additionally, the graph-based structure provides modularity and reusable sub-scenarios,an important use case in scenario modeling. A graphical visualiza-tion of the scenario enhances comprehensibility for different users.The presented approach eases the scenario creation process andincreases the usage of scenarios within development and testingprocesses.

T. Schnell and C. Plasberg and L. Puck and T. Buettner and C. Eichmann and G. Heppner and A. Roennau and R. Dillmann, 2020

Autonomous robots in complex environments are usually forced to act very conservatively, greatly limiting their potential. Taking more risky actions confidently requires the robot to have a deep understanding of its abilities, especially in its current state. The foundation for such a self-awareness is knowledge about current damages and the stress the different components of the robot are under. While the skills of a robot can be modeled in advance, the potential errors that might occur cannot easily be predicted exhaustively. Due to this, the robot is required to notice unforeseen changes in itself and judge their severity. This work presents a solution for this in the form of a Gaussian Mixture Model based framework for anomaly detection. The model requires only training data for a healthy robot, with no samples needed for expected problems and is able to correctly notice, localize and quantity various introduced damages and impairments. Transfer to new robots requires a user to only specify available sensor data for the robot’s different components. It was implemented and tested on two different robots sharing no hardware, with different problems introduced into both systems. This approach lays the foundation for a general framework for adaptive self-aware robot decision making and planning.

P. Becker and C. Eichmann and A. Roennau and R. Dillmann, 2020

The use of industrial robots for the production of small scale manufacturing or even single pieces is rarely economical. The high investment of time and money required to teach a collision-free trajectory under consideration of all boundary conditions prevents the usage of robots until now. That is why it is still common practice in the industry for individual post-processing steps to be carried out manually, although they could be automated with today’s technical possibilities. In this paper, we present an approach on how to use existing production data (STL and G-code) to generate trajectories to automate post-processing steps. These paths can then be executed by an industrial robot, for example to post-process an additive manufactured object and remove its support structures. The object may not be damaged during the process, so all movements of the robot and its tool are checked for collisions with certain parts of the object and the environment. While material is being removed, the corresponding data structure is updated accordingly to always provide a realistic representation of the current state. This approach was evaluated by removing support structures from multiple and different-shaped objects successfully. Furthermore, we used the same approach to mill pockets in material just by changing the input data.

GITO Verlag , 2020

Recent disputes over public construction projects show that the public is interested in urban development. When construction projects lack communication about its impact, agenda and costs, citizens might feel overheard and protests may arise. As a consequence, trust in public administration and politics could suffer serious damage. Following the idea of digital government, it is crucial not only to replicate and digitize established participation procedures, but rather to include new possibilities that e-participation offers. In this article, we present preliminary results of a qualitative study on using augmented reality for e-participation. Based on the study’s results, we derive metarequirements for an e-participation application employing this technology. Interestingly, our empirical findings suggest that users only seek information via the application up to a certain level of participation.

Julius Kümmerle , Marc Sons , Fabian Poggenhans , Martin Lauer and Christoph Stiller, 2019

Nadir Khan, Sven Nitzsche, Jürgen Becker, 2019

In this work, an intellectual property (IP) licensing framework is proposed that is secure against IP theft (cloning and redistribution). This security is provided by utilizing built-in features of modern field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), e.g. secure boot, state-of-the-art cryptography and trusted execution environments (TEE). The scheme is also the least restrictive in comparison to other publications in this area. Using this scheme, multiple IP core vendors (CVs) can configure their IPs remotely by connecting directly to an FPGA. Devices are booted securely using an authenticated and encrypted boot loader that initiates an authenticated and encrypted hypervisor, which in turn provides a TEE by partitioning the system resources into secure and non-secure sections. At this stage, a secure operating system (OS) is loaded that handles all the security critical functions such as communication with CVs, storage and analysis of bitstreams, enforcement of license constraints and configuration of IPs. Then, a second, non-secure OS is loaded, which provides an isolated execution environment with unrestricted access to non-secure resources. Hence, they are not limited to predefined APIs. Both OSes can interact via the hypervisor. The implementation of this framework is a work-in-progress and results presented within this paper are subject to change.

Nadir Khan, Arthur Silitonga, Brian Pachideh, Sven Nitzsche and Jürgen Becker, 2019

Thomas Glock, Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Matthias Kern, Bo Liu, Thomas Reiß, Eric Sax, Jürgen Becker , IEEE 8th International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management (ICITM 2019), 2019

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is characterized by a decentralized intelligence using service-based information technology. With the existing technologies in industrial solutions, the implementation of partly automated collaborative work of decentralized devices is difficult to achieve. Current industrial solutions fulfill manufacturer specific requirements that are not transferable to other industrial challenges. These customized solutions do not allow a plug-and-produce approach or a dynamically scalable system network. This work presents an approach for this through the use of a proposed service-based Industry 4.0 middleware. An example of its use is introduced in the form of the collaborative work of cranes, which handle the mentioned challenges. The proposed middleware is based on the service-oriented architecture with an evaluation of the I4.0 middleware using a demonstrator of collaborative work between cranes

Christian King, Lennart Ries, Christopher Kober, Christoph Wohlfahrt, Eric Sax, 2019

In recent years, numerous innovations in the automotive industry have addressed the field of driver assistance systems and automated driving. Therefore, additionally required sensors, as well as digital maps and online services, lead to an ever-increasing system space, which must be covered. Established test approaches in the area of Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) use predefined and structured test cases to test the systems on the basis of requirements. In the approach of systematic testing, an evaluation is only carried out for a specific test case respectively the duration of a test step. This paper presents a concept for an automated quality assessment of scenarios by introducing a situation-based test approach. The aim is the analysis and subsequent evaluation of continuous function behavior during a driving scenario within a simulated environment. Compared to conventional systematic test approaches, the presented concept separates assessments into activation and test conditions and allows a continuous evaluation of a virtual test drive, whereby multiple evaluations of systems in similar scenarios with deviating boundary conditions are possible. For the first time, this enables a functional assessment of a complete test drive comprising numerous scenarios and situations. The presented approach has been prototypically implemented and demonstrated on a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) test bench evaluating an adaptive cruise control (ACC) system.

Emil Kraft, Julian Rominger, Vincent Mohiuddin, Dogan Keles, 2019

The forecasting of control reserve prices is essential in order to participate reasonably in the auctions. Having identified a lack of related literature, we therefore deploy approaches based on auto-regressive and exogenous factors coming from econometrics and artificial intelligence and set up a forecasting framework. We use SARIMA and SARIMAX models as well as neural networks and forecast based on a rolling one-step forecast with re-estimation of the models. It turns out, that the combination of auto-regressive and exogenous factors yields the best results compared to approaches solely considering auto-regressive or exogenous factors. Further, the artificial intelligence approach outperforms the econometric approach in terms of forecast quality, whereas for the further use of the generated models, the econometric approach has advantages in terms of interpretability.

Jacob Langner, Hannes Grolig, Stefan Otten, Marc Holzäpfel and Eric Sax, 2019

For the development of Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving Systems (ADS) a change from test case-based testing towards scenario-based testing can be observed. Based on current approaches to define scenarios and their inherent problems, we identify the need to extract scenarios including the static environment from recorded real-world-driving-data. We present an approach, that solves the problem to extract dynamic-length-segments containing a single scenario. These segments are enriched with a feature vector with information relevant for the feature under test. By clustering these scenarios a logical scenario catalog is created, containing all scenarios within the test data. Corner cases are represented as well as common scenarios. An accumulated total length can be calculated for each logical scenario, giving a brief understanding about existing test coverage of the scenario.

Katharina Glock, Anne Meyer, Martin Pouls, 2019

Simon Fritz, Felix Weber, Jivka Ovtcharova, 2019

Bo Liu, Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Thomas Glock, Matthias Kern, Eric Sax, J¨urgen Becker, The 13th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SYSCON), 2019

The influence of Internet of Things (IoT) and connected service-oriented systems in various application domains is increasing. Such multi-domain systems can work in collaboration to provide new functionalities. System development of different domains requires different specific tools that often lack common exchange interfaces. Common exchange interfaces between technical domains are necessary for a holistic architectural design that enables system-wide analysis, e.g. cyber-security. We propose a multi-domain metamodeling framework to create, extend and reuse metamodels of different technical domains in order to generate modeling tools for specific applications. The generated modeling tool enables analysis through all integrated domains. With loosely coupled metamodels, we are able to improve the reusability of the metamodels and manage the explicit connections using the weaving-model. This work also presents three use cases of application specific tools that can be built using the proposed framework: security analysis for industry 4.0 systems, multicore based safety systems and secure development of autonomous driving functions. The framework and a graphical editor to manage metamodel connections are implemented and used to generate modeling tools for the first two use cases. Our results show that a multi-domain system can be described precisely and analyzed across different domains with the specific generated tool.

Tilman Kühner, Julius Kümmerle, 2019

Julius Kümmerle, Tilman Kühner, 2019

Bo Liu, Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Thomas Glock, Matthias Kern, Eric Sax, Jürgen Becker, 2019

Thomas Glock, Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Matthias Kern, Bo Liu, Thomas Reiß, Eric Sax, Jürgen Becker, 2019

Petersen, Patrick and Langner, Jacob and Otten, Stefan and Sax, Eric and Scheubner, Stefan and Vaillant, Moritz and Fünfgeld, Sebastian, 2019

Philipp Fath, David Sayah, Stefan Nickel, 2019

Lukas Kohout, Manuel Butz, Wilhelm Stork, 2019

In this paper we propose a new approach for detecting temporary cognitive overload. Due to the raising propagation of wearable devices with various integrated sensors, the idea is to detect such overload situations based on acceleration data out of these sensors at task relevant body parts. We executed an experiment in order to investigate the performance differences of people in a relaxed state and under cognitive load. The loaded state was simulated in a dual-task test. Additionally, we analyzed changes in the participants' motion behaviors at their hips and both of their wrists. We could show, that dual-task measuring is a suitable way for generating ground truth data for cognitive load. For this reason we used the study's data also as ground truth for the subsequent developed classification system. After investigating different features from the data we could discriminate the two states ("relaxed" and "loaded") with an accuracy of 90% and an MCC of 0.7986, which indicates a high correlation between ground truth and classified data. That outperforms other ACC based systems and approaches the performance of vital parameter based ones. Moreover, it could be shown that the dominant hand's data have greater influence to the results than the recessive one's. However, using data from both hands leads to further improvements.

T. Schmitt, C. Kulbach, Y. Sure-Vetter , 2019

Conversational systems, also known as dialogue systems, have become increasingly popular. They can perform a variety of tasks e.g. in B2C areas such as sales and customer services. A significant amount of research has already been conducted on improving the underlying algorithms of the natural language understanding (NLU) component of dialogue systems. This paper presents an approach to generate training datasets for the NLU component from Linked Data resources. We analyze how differently designed training datasets can impact the performance of the NLU component. As core contribution we introduce and evaluate the performance of different placeholder concepts. Our results show that a trained model with placeholder concepts is capable of handling dynamic Linked Data without retraining the NLU component. Thus, our approach also contributes to the robustness of the NLU component.

Nadir Khan, Sven Nitzsche, Raffaela Frank, Lars Bauer, Jörg Henkel, Jürgen Becker, 2019

The Aim of this work is to enhance the side channel infor-mation that is revealed by the power consumption of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). An initial measurement setup is proposed for measuring the signal quality, and then adjustments and modifications to the hardware are done to enhance this quality. Once an acceptable signal is measurable, data is gathered and useful information in this raw data is determined using a standard leakage assessment methodology. The used methodology generates a quantitative score regarding the presence of useful information in the raw data, and can therefore indicate whether a system is vulnerable to side chan-nel attacks or not. In this work, several modifications are pre-sented along with their effect on the captured signal’s quality and the amount of useful information in the collected raw data.

G. Becker, A. Camarinopoulos, U. Hussels, A. Papasilika, T. Schenke, M. Kern, B. Liu, S. Nitzsche, V. Betancourt, M. Pieper, D. Vonderau, 2019

Nadir Khan, Sven Nitzsche, Jürgen Becker, 2019

In this work, an intellectual property (IP) licensing framework is proposed that is secure against IP theft (cloning and redistribution). This security is provided by utilizing built-in features of modern field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), e.g. secure boot, state-of-the-art cryptography and trusted execution environments (TEE). The scheme is also the least restrictive in comparison to other publications in this area. Using this scheme, multiple IP core vendors (CVs) can configure their IPs remotely by connecting directly to an FPGA. Devices are booted securely using an authenticated and encrypted boot loader that initiates an authenticated and encrypted hypervisor, which in turn provides a TEE by partitioning the system resources into secure and non-secure sections. At this stage, a secure operating system (OS) is loaded that handles all the security critical functions such as communication with CVs, storage and analysis of bitstreams, enforcement of license constraints and configuration of IPs. Then, a second, non-secure OS is loaded, which provides an isolated execution environment with unrestricted access to non-secure resources. Hence, they are not limited to predefined APIs. Both OSes can interact via the hypervisor. The implementation of this framework is a work-in-progress and results presented within this paper are subject to change.

Nadir Khan, Arthur Silitonga, Brian Pachideh, Sven Nitzsche and Jürgen Becker, 2019

Nadir Khan, Sven Nitzsche, Raffaela Frank, Lars Bauer, Jörg Henkel, Jürgen Becker, 2019

Valerij Schönemann, Hermann Winner, Thomas Glock, Eric Sax, Bert Boeddeker, Geert Verhaeg, Fabrizo Tronci, Gustavo G. Padilla, 26th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), 2019

Developing safe vehicle automation systems is crucial for the commercialization of automated driving. One of the major challenges for the release of fully automated driving is functional safety. Automated driving systems explode in complexity due to an infinite number of occurring scenarios. Elaborated safety goals from a hazard analysis and risk assessment (HARA) are broad and more challenging to break down into safety requirements. This work presents a structure for a fault tree-based approach to derive safety requirements from safety goals systematically according to the international standard of functional safety for road vehicles known as ISO 26262. The methodology is applied on the example of automated valet parking (AVP). The approach simplifies the breakdown of complex safety goals and provides a more complete set of safety requirements.

Matthias Kern, Thomas Glock,Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Bo Liu, Eric Sax, Jürgen Becker, 23th World Multi-Conferebce on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (WMSCI), 2019

Cybersecurity risk assessments are important to define a welljustified cybersecurity concept that regards the trade-off between security, costs, and performance. Heading toward Industry 4.0 (I4.0), plants get connected with an increasing amount of sensors and functionalities that have more and more communication interfaces and paths. This leads to a growing cybersecurity attack surface and a higher complexity compared to current plants. Today, a well-structured course of action for a cybersecurity risk assessment is missing in the domain I4.0. Therefore, in this paper, a cybersecurity risk-assessment process containing an asset- , a threat- and an attack-analysis with adapted methodologies from other domains is proposed and the necessary terms for the approach are introduced. Furthermore, a model-based approach is proposed and its prototypical implementation supporting the proposed cybersecurity risk assessment process. Finally, the evaluation of the approach was done by applying it to an industrial use-case.

M. Kern, E. Taspolatoglu, V. Pazmino Betancourt, T. Glock, B. Liu, E. Sax, J. Becker , VDI Automation, 2019

Industrie 4.0 (I4.0) bietet durch eine hochgradige Vernetzung der Anlagen zahlrei-che Vorteile, denen neue Informationssicherheitsrisiken gegenüberstehen. Umso dringender sind modellbasierte Cyber-Security Risiko Assessments, die der wach-senden Komplexität von I4.0 Anlagen gerecht werden, notwendig. Treiber für die Komplexität sind die zunehmende Abhängigkeiten der Systemkomponenten unter-einander und die zunehmende Vernetzung über heutige Systemgrenzen hinweg. Dadurch entsteht auch eine größere Angriffsfläche. Bei der Bewertung von IT-Sicherheitsbedrohungen bieten aktuelle Standards wie z.B. die DIN EN 62443 Bei-spiele für Bewertungsmatrizen, die jedoch gerade in der Entwicklungsphase (Stichwort Security by Design) höchstens eine grobe Orientierung bieten. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Bewertungsverfahren aus dem Bereich Automotive auf I4.0 über-tragen und vorgestellt, das in einem modellbasierten I4.0 Entwicklungswerkzeug im vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung geförderten Projekt SysKit zum Einsatz kommt.

Balint Varga, Selina Meier, Stefan Schwab, Sören Hohmann , 2019

In this paper, a model predictive control (MPC) is developed for on- and off-road mid-sized heavy duty vehicle-manipulator systems with a hydraulic working arm. The proposed concept for the control model is also new in the sense of working only within a local reference coordinate-system relative to the reference trajectory (so-called Frenet-System), The control model only needs the errors to the reference trajectory. In contrast to other state-of-the-art approaches, there is no global localization method necessary. The control model is kept as simple as possible, to allow real-time motion prediction of the real system. For this reason, a kinematic model is used in the MPC which consists of a bicycle model and a planar robotic arm with two control variables. The dynamics of the overall system are considered as optimization constraints, assuming that the optimized system inputs and states are kinetically and dynamically feasible. Through this control method, the dual-trajectories are also optimized and they provide smooth motions for the overall system. The underlying control of the robotic arm is realized with a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller with feedback linearisation and gravity compensation. The control algorithm is tested and validated in a MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment.

Arthur Silitonga, Zhou Jiang, Nadir Khan, Juergen Becker, 2019

Matthias Kern, Ferhat Erata, Markus Iser, Carsten Sinz, Frédéric Loiret, Stefan Otten, Eric Sax, 2019

This paper proposes an approach for a tool-agnostic and heterogeneous static code analysis toolchain in combination with an exchange format. This approach enhances both traceability and comparability of analysis results. State of the art toolchains support features for either test execution and build automation or traceability between tests, requirements and design information. Our approach combines all those features and extends traceability to the source code level, incorporating static code analysis. As part of our approach we introduce the "ASSUME Static Code Analysis tool exchange format" that facilitates the comparability of different static code analysis results. We demonstrate how this approach enhances the usability and efficiency of static code analysis in a development process. On the one hand, our approach enables the exchange of results and evaluations between static code analysis tools. On the other hand, it enables a complete traceability between requirements, designs, implementation, and the results of static code analysis. Within our approach we also propose an OSLC specification for static code analysis tools and an OSLC communication framework.

Matthias Kern, Thomas Glock, Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Bo Liu, Eric Sax, Jürgen Becker, 2019

Cybersecurity risk assessments are important to define a well-justified cybersecurity concept that regards the trade-off between security, costs, and performance. Heading toward Industry 4.0 (I4.0), plants get connected with an increasing amount of sensors and functionalities that have more and more communication interfaces and paths. This leads to a growing cybersecurity attack surface and a higher complexity compared to current plants. Today, a well-structured course of action for a cybersecurity risk assessment is missing in the domain I4.0. Therefore, in this paper, a cybersecurity risk-assessment process containing an asset- , a threat- and an attack-analysis with adapted methodologies from other domains is proposed and the necessary terms for the approach are introduced. Furthermore, a model-based approach is proposed and its prototypical implementation supporting the proposed cybersecurity risk assessment process. Finally, the evaluation of the approach was done by applying it to an industrial use-case.

Matthias Kern, Emre Taspolatoglu, Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Thomas Glock, Bo Liu, Eric Sax, Jürgen Becker, VDI Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf, 2019

Industry 4.0 offers many benefits through highly networked plants that also entail new security risks. All the more urgent are model-based cyber-security risk assessments that meet the growing complexity of I4.0 plants. Drivers of the complexity are the increasing dependencies of the system components among each other and the increasing networking beyond today's system boundaries. This also creates a larger attack surface. When assessing IT security threats, current standards such as DIN EN 62443 provide examples of risk matrices that offer at most a rough orientation in the developmental phase (keyword security by design). In this paper, a risk assessment from the domain automotive to I4.0 is transferred and presented, which is applied in an I4.0 development tool within the SysKit project.

Julian Rominger, Manuel Lösch, Sebastian Steuer, Katrin Köper, Hartmut Schmeck, 2019

As the share of energy from fluctuating renewable energy resources traded on the German power spot markets has risen over the past years, energy prices on these markets have become more volatile. Therefore, the opportunities for utilizing the flexibility of energy demand or supply to gain monetary benefits have increased significantly. Especially the EPEX Intraday Continuous power market appears to be a favorable market place for demand- and supply-side flexibility options as continuously changing prices for power products offer the possibility to profit from consecutive rescheduling up to only five minutes before delivery. The contribution of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we provide an analysis of the development of the German Intraday Continuous power market over the years 2015 to 2017, and secondly, we quantify the revenue potential for different flexibility options participating in this market. The results of this work show an increasing revenue potential over the course of the three years. The revenues equal up to 3.4 times the wholesale energy costs for solely consuming and up to 12.4 times for consuming and generating flexibility options.

Julian Rominger ; Manuel Losch ; Sebastian Steuer ; Katrin Köper ; Hartmut Schmeck, 2019

As the share of energy from fluctuating renewable energy resources traded on the German power spot markets has risen over the past years, energy prices on these markets have become more volatile. Therefore, the opportunities for utilizing the flexibility of energy demand or supply to gain monetary benefits have increased significantly. Especially the EPEX Intraday Continuous power market appears to be a favorable market place for demand- and supply-side flexibility options as continuously changing prices for power products offer the possibility to profit from consecutive rescheduling up to only five minutes before delivery. The contribution of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we provide an analysis of the development of the German Intraday Continuous power market over the years 2015 to 2017, and secondly, we quantify the revenue potential for different flexibility options participating in this market. The results of this work show an increasing revenue potential over the course of the three years. The revenues equal up to 3.4 times the wholesale energy costs for solely consuming and up to 12.4 times for consuming and generating flexibility options.

Th. Gellrich, X. Zhang, S. Schwab, S. Hohmann, 2019

Ingmar Baumgart and Matthias Börsig and Niklas Goerke and Timon Hackenjos and Jochen Rill and Marek Wehmer, IEEE, 2019

The home Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) industry is on the rise. Newer models are built as Internet-connected devices that offer new service models for customers and manufacturers alike. This approach, as can be observed from emerging Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the last decade, brings new challenges and issues with it. First of all, threats to user privacy and botnet attacks come to mind. More importantly, there are now substantial advances to put flexible BESS in more critical roles in the power grid and let them provide primary balancing power in order to compensate fluctuations. However, while the safety properties of such systems are currently being explored by researchers, their security is mostly unexplored and unregulated. To explore the state of security of residential BESS, we systematically analyzed commercially available storage systems from ten different manufacturers, who have a combined market share of more than 60 percent in Germany. We show that all of them have security issues and four of them contain severe security flaws. In order to exemplify the deficit in the industry to properly secure Internet connected devices, we present three attacks in detail.

G. Becker, A. Camarinopoulos, U. Hussels, A. Papasilika, T. Schenke, M. Kern, B. Liu, S. Nitzsche, V. Betancourt, M. Pieper, D. Vonderau, 2019

Dregger, A., 2019

Dregger, A., 2019

Gabriele Bolano, Pascal Becker, Jacques Kaiser, Arne Rönnau, Rüdiger Dillmann, 2019

Lea Steffen, Benedict Hauck, Jacques Kaiser, Jakob Weinland, Stefan Ulbrich, Daniel Reichard, Arne Roennau, Rüdiger Dillmann, 2019

To guarantee safety in a shared work space between humans and robots, flexible robotic motion control is required. Unfortunately, path planning algorithms for complex robotic systems are too computationally expensive to enable a real-time solution on conventional hardware. With the long-term goal of performing a reactive path planning algorithm, we apply neuromorphic sensors and Spiking Neural Networks to create an obstacle memory of a robot’s work space. We create a neuron population representing all objects of the robot’s work cell except for the robot itself. Furthermore, we adapt the network to preserve older states while still reacting to new events, obtaining a correct obstacle memory at any given point in time. For this purpose, we control a kinematic chain, the robot arm. Hereby, we use two sensor networks for proprioception and exteroception.

Lea Steffen, Stefan Ulbrich, Arne Roennau, Rüdiger Dillmann, 2019

Depth perception is crucial for many applications including robotics, UAV and autonomous driving. The visual sense, as well as cameras, map the 3D world on a 2D representation, losing the dimension representing depth. A way to recover 3D information from 2D images is to record and join data from multiple viewpoints. In case of a stereo setup, 4D data is gained. Existing methods to recover 3D information are computationally expensive. We propose a new, more intuitive method to recover 3D objects out of event-based stereo data, by using a Self-Organizing Map to solve the correspondence problem and establish a structure similar to a voxel grid. Our approach, as it is also computationally expensive, copes with performance issues by massive parallelization. Furthermore, the relatively small voxel grid makes this a memory friendly solution. This technique is very powerful as it does not need any prior knowledge of extrinsic and intrinsic camera parameters. Instead, those parameters and also the lens distortion are learned implicitly. Not only do we not require a parallel camera setup, as many existing methods, we do not even need any information about the alignment at all. We evaluated our method in a qualitative analysis and finding image correspondences.

M. Kern, E. Taspolatoglu, V. Pazmino Betancourt, T. Glock, B. Liu, E. Sax, J. Becker, VDI Automation, 2019

Industrie 4.0 (I4.0) bietet durch eine hochgradige Vernetzung der Anlagen zahlrei-che Vorteile, denen neue Informationssicherheitsrisiken gegenüberstehen. Umso dringender sind modellbasierte Cyber-Security Risiko Assessments, die der wach-senden Komplexität von I4.0 Anlagen gerecht werden, notwendig. Treiber für die Komplexität sind die zunehmende Abhängigkeiten der Systemkomponenten unter-einander und die zunehmende Vernetzung über heutige Systemgrenzen hinweg. Dadurch entsteht auch eine größere Angriffsfläche. Bei der Bewertung von IT-Sicherheitsbedrohungen bieten aktuelle Standards wie z.B. die DIN EN 62443 Bei-spiele für Bewertungsmatrizen, die jedoch gerade in der Entwicklungsphase (Stichwort Security by Design) höchstens eine grobe Orientierung bieten. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Bewertungsverfahren aus dem Bereich Automotive auf I4.0 über-tragen und vorgestellt, das in einem modellbasierten I4.0 Entwicklungswerkzeug im vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung geförderten Projekt SysKit zum Einsatz kommt.

Thomas Glock, Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Matthias Kern, Bo Liu, Thomas Reiß, Eric Sax, Jürgen Becker, IEEE 8th International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management (ICITM 2019), 2019

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is characterized by a decentralized intelligence using service-based information technology. With the existing technologies in industrial solutions, the implementation of partly automated collaborative work of decentralized devices is difficult to achieve. Current industrial solutions fulfill manufacturer specific requirements that are not transferable to other industrial challenges. These customized solutions do not allow a plug-and-produce approach or a dynamically scalable system network. This work presents an approach for this through the use of a proposed service-based Industry 4.0 middleware. An example of its use is introduced in the form of the collaborative work of cranes, which handle the mentioned challenges. The proposed middleware is based on the service-oriented architecture with an evaluation of the I4.0 middleware using a demonstrator of collaborative work between cranes

Bo Liu, Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Thomas Glock, Matthias Kern, Eric Sax, Jürgen Becker, The 13th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SYSCON), 2019

The influence of Internet of Things (IoT) and connected service-oriented systems in various application domains is increasing. Such multi-domain systems can work in collaboration to provide new functionalities. System development of different domains requires different specific tools that often lack common exchange interfaces. Common exchange interfaces between technical domains are necessary for a holistic architectural design that enables system-wide analysis, e.g. cyber-security. We propose a multi-domain metamodeling framework to create, extend and reuse metamodels of different technical domains in order to generate modeling tools for specific applications. The generated modeling tool enables analysis through all integrated domains. With loosely coupled metamodels, we are able to improve the reusability of the metamodels and manage the explicit connections using the weaving-model. This work also presents three use cases of application specific tools that can be built using the proposed framework: security analysis for industry 4.0 systems, multicore based safety systems and secure development of autonomous driving functions. The framework and a graphical editor to manage metamodel connections are implemented and used to generate modeling tools for the first two use cases. Our results show that a multi-domain system can be described precisely and analyzed across different domains with the specific generated tool.

Matthias Kern, Thomas Glock,Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Bo Liu, Eric Sax, Jürgen Becker, 23th World Multi-Conferebce on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (WMSCI), 2019

Cybersecurity risk assessments are important to define a welljustified cybersecurity concept that regards the trade-off between security, costs, and performance. Heading toward Industry 4.0 (I4.0), plants get connected with an increasing amount of sensors and functionalities that have more and more communication interfaces and paths. This leads to a growing cybersecurity attack surface and a higher complexity compared to current plants. Today, a well-structured course of action for a cybersecurity risk assessment is missing in the domain I4.0. Therefore, in this paper, a cybersecurity risk-assessment process containing an asset- , a threat- and an attack-analysis with adapted methodologies from other domains is proposed and the necessary terms for the approach are introduced. Furthermore, a model-based approach is proposed and its prototypical implementation supporting the proposed cybersecurity risk assessment process. Finally, the evaluation of the approach was done by applying it to an industrial use-case.

Willrich, Sven and Melcher, Felix and Straub, Tim and Weinhardt, Christof, 2019

Jonas Fegert, Jella Pfeiffer, Anna Golubyeva, Nadine Pfeiffer-Leßmann, Anuja Hariharan, Patrick Renner, Thies Pfeiffer, Mark Hefke, Tim Straub, Christof Weinhardt, 2019

Anna Hess and Felix Brandt, 2019

Felix Brandt, 2019

Michael Weber, Michael Fürst, J. Marius Zöllner, 2019

Nils Gählert, Jun-Jun Wan, Michael Weber, J. Marius Zöllner, Uwe Franke, Joachim Denzler, 2019

Michael Weber, Lucas Volkert, Christian Hubschneider, J. Marius Zöllner, 2019

Tobias Busch, Jennifer Zeilfelder, Kai Zhou, Wilhelm Stork, 2019

For a successful classification of jaw movement signals three different machine learning methods are implemented and evaluated: A Naive Bayes classifier, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) and a Convolutional Neuronal Network (CNN). In this case the present paper deals with the definition of intuitive jaw movements and their detection by a prototypical system for non-invasive measurement of pressure values in the closed external auditory canal. For this purpose, a database with 1013 recordings was created. The evaluation shows that all three learning methods provide a good recognition level. The Bayes classifier achieves with the used, small dataset with nearly 95% the best detection probability with realtime data. At the same time, the study shows that individual pressure profiles can severely impair recognition. Hence, the creation of a comprehensive database is required. Overall, this paper demonstrates that successful detection and differentiation of up to five jaw movement directions is possible. In total it could be shown using machine learning for jaw movement classification is a stable method with a high recognition level. However, the quality of classification increases with the size and diversity of the dataset.

Jennifer Zeilfelder, Matthias Diehl, Christian Pylatiuk, Wilhelm Stork , 2019

In this paper a concept for a new method for a permanent, non-invasive blood pressure measurement in the ear is presented. Currently, blood pressure is measured about once a day and used as the basis for therapy. In order to enable an individual and as mild as possible therapy, a permanent, noninvasive measuring method is required. With every heartbeat, the arteries in the body expand and contract. Blood pressure is the pressure acting on an artery, the higher the pressure the greater the enlargement. If the external auditory canal is closed airtight, the increase and decrease in size of the arteries during the heartbeat causes a change in volume of the closed air chamber and thus a pressure fluctuation within it. The theory is, that these fluctuations represent the blood pressure. In order to prove the theory a prototype was set up, containing a pressure sensor (integrated into an Alpine InEar for airtight sealing), a micro controller and a reference ECG. The sensor was placed airtight in the ear. One test person showed perfect results, in which after each heartbeat in the reference system a corresponding signal was also visible in the ear system. The recorded curve resembles a blood pressure curve, which proves that it is in principle possible to measure blood pressure with such a system. For absolute blood pressure values, the system must be supplemented with further components, this is being researched in the project MikroBO 1 funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany.

M. Kern, E. Taspolatoglu, V. Pazmino Betancourt, T. Glock, B. Liu, E. Sax, J. Becker, 2019

Matthias Kern, Thomas Glock,Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Bo Liu, Eric Sax, Jürgen Becker, 2019

Lennart Ries, Jacob Langner, Stefan Otten, Johannes Bach and Eric Sax, 2019

As development of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) advances, new methods for validation and verification (V&V) are needed. A promising approach for V&V is scenariobased testing. Recorded real-world-driving-data constitutes a useful source for the extraction of scenarios as they ensure a high level of realism. Since recorded data is typically unlabeled, the benefits drawn from the large amounts of available data are limited, e.g. the data interpretation with respect to the inherent driving scenarios is challenging. Manual data inspection or rulebased approaches are hardly scalable to neither big datasets nor numerous different scenario types. Hence, there is a need of automated data analysis tools, e.g. for labeling on a semantic level. Many current approaches try to accomplish that based on neural networks. This arises the need for a consistent, valid and machine-readable representation of a driving scenario. In this paper, a representation of a scenario is defined as a top-view grid, comprising the dynamic objects and the static environment, thereby allowing a consistent interpretation of all relevant aspects of a driving scenario. Furthermore, temporal scenario aspects have to be covered as well. Therefore, a neural network architecture for the extraction of both spatial and temporal features is described. Using the proposed feature extractor, the recorded driving data gets transformed to a reduced abstract feature space. With the autoencoder, a method for efficient training of the feature extractor is described. The combined approach enables the development of scalable and efficient methods for data analytics in large quantities of real driving data, e.g. automated labeling of big datasets or the scanning for rarely happening corner cases.

Sascha Alpers, Christoph Becker, Maria Pieper, Manuela Wagner, Andreas Oberweis, 2019

Anna Hess and Felix Brandt, 2019

Laura Dörr, Felix Brandt, Anne Meyer, Martin Pouls, 2019

Martin Pouls, Katharina Glock, Anne Meyer, 2019

Ride-sharing services such as Lyft Line and UberPOOL offer a promising way of reducing urban traffic. One challenge faced by operators of these services is the repositioning of idle vehicles to anticipate future demand. In systems with independent drivers, this is generally achieved by providing incentives for drivers to reposition towards areas with a discrepancy between supply and predicted demand. In this talk, we compare two approaches for solving the idle vehicle repositioning problem. Firstly, we present a novel of modelling the problem, in which we aim to maximize coverage of forecasted demand locations by repositioning idle vehicles and minimize the travel duration for these repositioning movements. We compare this centralized strategy to a decentralized one. The latter consists of an agent-based approach, where drivers maximize their personal profit. Earning potential is increased in high-demand areas to incentivize drivers to reposition there. Both solution approaches are embedded into a framework for evaluating dynamic dial-a-ride-problems (DDARP). Based on real-world taxi trip records from New York City, we build a diverse set of test instances containing up to 400,000 trip requests per day. We evaluate our centralized and decentralized solution strategies on these instances regarding the number of rejected trip requests and the travel duration for repositioning movements. In addition, we compare them to solutions with a simple reactive repositioning approach and no repositioning at all. Lastly, for our forecast-based method we assess the impact of the forecast quality on the solution quality.

Felix Goetzinger, Anne Meyer, Martin Pouls, 2019

300,000 to 500,000 cab rides arise every day in New York. Conducted by roughly 30,000 taxi drivers and mostly allocated by taxi dispatchers. To allocate and to reposition the taxis, the future positions of the cabs and the expected value of these positions need to be taken into account. The target is to provide an automated method, which provides decision support in real time and incorporates stochastic information and expectations. In this talk we define and solve the taxi dispatching problem as a stochastic dynamic resource allocation problem (SDRAP). Due to the large number of states, results, and actions we use an approximate dynamic programming approach (ADP). Our solution strategy is sampling-based and solves network flow problems as LP for each discrete point in time. Using the duals of the underlying LP solutions, we estimate concave value functions via reinforcement learning techniques within the simulation to predict future revenue and incorporate these functions into the model. We perform evaluations on real world data consisting of historical taxi trip records from Manhattan provided by the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission. The instances contain over 500 taxis, 50 locations, and 450 time steps per day. In our experiments, we compare different value function approximations, parameter settings and instance sizes regarding the numbers of vehicles. Compared to myopic policies our method leads to an increase of roughly 60% in revenue due to a higher utilization of cabs and roughly 90% less waiting cabs. In addition, we estimate well performing value functions and transfer them to heat maps. All in all, the optimization and decision support can be realized in real time for realistic taxi data instances.

Cornaglia, Alessandro and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, 2019

Cornaglia, Alessandro and Hasan, Md Shakib and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, 2019

Jacob Langner, Hannes Grolig, Stefan Otten, Marc Holzäpfel, Eric Sax, 2019

For the development of Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving Systems (ADS) a change from test case-based testing towards scenario-based testing can be observed. Based on current approaches to define scenarios and their inherent problems, we identify the need to extract scenarios including the static environment from recorded real-world-driving-data. We present an approach, that solves the problem to extract dynamic-length-segments containing a single scenario. These segments are enriched with a feature vector with information relevant for the feature under test. By clustering these scenarios a logical scenario catalog is created, containing all scenarios within the test data. Corner cases are represented as well as common scenarios. An accumulated total length can be calculated for each logical scenario, giving a brief understanding about existing test coverage of the scenario.

Patrick Petersen, Adam Thorgeirsson, Stefan Scheubner, Stefan Otten, Frank Gauterin, Eric Sax, 2019

Estimating the range of battery electric vehicles is one of the most challenging topics for the current trend in the automotive industry, the electrification of vehicles. Range anxiety still limits the adoption of battery electric vehicles. Since the range estimation is dependent on different influencing factors, complex algorithms to accurately estimate the vehicles consumption are required. To evaluate the accuracy of data-driven machine learning algorithms, an exhaustive training and validation procedure is mandatory. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for the development and validation of range estimation algorithms based on machine learning validation approaches. The proposed methodology considers the evaluation of driver-specific and driver-unspecific performance. In addition, an error measure is introduced to assess the performance of range estimation algorithms. This approach is demonstrated and evaluated on a set of recorded real-world driving data. It is shown that our approach helps to analyze the performance of the range estimation algorithm and the influences of different parameter sets.

Patrick Petersen, Stefan Scheubner, Jacob Langner, Stefan Otten, Moritz Vaillant, Sebastian Fünfgeld and Eric Sax, 2019

Electrification of vehicles is a growing trend in the automotive industry. Battery electric vehicles offer the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but short maximum range and missing charging infrastructure limits user acceptance. Range anxiety is a great challenge for battery electric vehicle drivers, therefore accurate methods for range estimation are required to satisfy customer needs. Novel algorithms for range estimation include many information sources such as traffic, geographical and weather data. The increase of algorithmic complexity and the behavior of various non-deterministic influences lead to a high demand for intensive verification and validation methods for such predictive features. In this paper, we propose a methodology for the verification and validation of range estimation algorithms based on recorded real-world driving data. The steadily growing pool of recorded test drives from test campaigns enables statistically significant testing. A generalization step enables the usage of all recorded data regardless of the vehicles architecture. New software versions of range estimation algorithms can be tested and a higher feature maturity can be achieved without the need for cost- and time-intensive real-world test drives. This approach is demonstrated and evaluated in a small test campaign.

Patrick Petersen, Adam Thorgeirsson, Stefan Scheubner, Stefan Otten, Frank Gauterin, Eric Sax, 2019

Estimating the range of battery electric vehicles is one of the most challenging topics for the current trend in the automotive industry, the electrification of vehicles. Range anxiety still limits the adoption of battery electric vehicles. Since the range estimation is dependent on different influencing factors, complex algorithms to accurately estimate the vehicles consumption are required. To evaluate the accuracy of data-driven machine learning algorithms, an exhaustive training and validation procedure is mandatory. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for the development and validation of range estimation algorithms based on machine learning validation approaches. The proposed methodology considers the evaluation of driver-specific and driver-unspecific performance. In addition, an error measure is introduced to assess the performance of range estimation algorithms. This approach is demonstrated and evaluated on a set of recorded real-world driving data. It is shown that our approach helps to analyze the performance of the range estimation algorithm and the influences of different parameter sets.

Philipp Rosenberger, Martin Holder, Sebastian Huch, Hermann Winner, Tobias Fleck, Marc René Zofka, J. Marius Zöllner, Thomas D’hondt and Benjamin Wassermann, 2019

Simulation-based testing is seen as a major re- quirement for the safety validation of highly automated driving. One crucial part of such test architectures are models of environment perception sensors such as camera, lidar and radar sensors. Currently, an objective evaluation and the comparison of different modeling approaches for automotive lidar sensors are still a challenge. In this work, a real lidar sensor system used for object recognition is first functionally decomposed. The resulting sequence of processing blocks and interfaces is then mapped onto simulation methods. Subsequently, metrics applied to the aforementioned interfaces are derived, enabling a quantitative comparison between simulated and real sensor data at different steps of the processing pipeline. Benchmarks for several existing sensor models at a concrete selected interface are performed using those metrics by comparing them to measurements gained from the real sensor. Finally, we outline how metrics on low-level interfaces can correlate with results on more abstract ones. A major achievement of this work lies within the commonly accepted interfaces and a common understanding of real and virtual lidar sensor systems and, even more important, an initial guideline for the quantitative comparison of sensor models with the ambition to support future validation of virtual sensor models.

Wiener, Patrick and Zehnder, Philipp and Riemer, Dominik, 2019

Zehnder, Philipp and Wiener, Patrick and Riemer, Dominik, 2019

Philip Schörner, Lars Töttel, Jens Doll and J. Marius Zöllner, 2019

Lehmann, Nico and Kraft, Emil and Duepmeier, Clemens and Mauser, Ingo and Förderer, Kevin and Sauer, Dominique, 2019

P. Wiener and P. Zehnder and D. Riemer, 2019

Newly arising IoT-driven use cases often require low-latency anaiytics to derive time-sensitive actions, where a centralized cloud approach is not applicable. An emerging computing paradigm, referred to as fog computing, shifts the focus away from the central cloud by offloading specific computational parts of analytical stream processing pipelines (SPP) towards the edge of the network, thus leveraging existing resources close to where data is generated. However, in scenarios of mobile edge nodes, the inherent context changes need to be incorporated in the underlying fog cluster management, thus accounting for the dynamics by relocating certain processing elements of these SPP. This paper presents our initial work on a conceptual architecture for context-aware and dynamic management of SPP in the fog. We provide preliminary results, showing the general feasibility of relocating processing elements according to changes in the geolocation.

P. Zehnder and P. Wiener and D. Riemer, 2019

Distributed publish/subscribe systems are an enabling technology for Industrial Internet of Things applications. While the number of sensors increases, network bandwidth becomes a bottleneck. Existing solutions typically aim to reduce network load either by pre-processing events directly on the edge or by aggregating events into larger batches. However, these approaches are rather static and do not adequately account for the application requirements of subscribers or the actual values of sensor measurements. This paper introduces methods for publish/subscribe systems to dynamically adapt payloads of events at runtime based on i) different data reduction and transformation strategies, ii) a wrapper solution around existing message brokers and iii) a semantics-based event schema registry. Consumers are able to subscribe to various quality levels and receive virtual events, that are reconstructed directly at the subscriber based on knowledge from the semantic model and dynamic decision rules. Our evaluation shows that the concept of virtual events can reduce the network load between publishers, the message broker and subscribers compared to multiple investigated compression techniques.

P. Wiener and P. Zehnder and D. Riemer, 2019

Newly arising IoT-driven use cases often require low-latency anaiytics to derive time-sensitive actions, where a centralized cloud approach is not applicable. An emerging computing paradigm, referred to as fog computing, shifts the focus away from the central cloud by offloading specific computational parts of analytical stream processing pipelines (SPP) towards the edge of the network, thus leveraging existing resources close to where data is generated. However, in scenarios of mobile edge nodes, the inherent context changes need to be incorporated in the underlying fog cluster management, thus accounting for the dynamics by relocating certain processing elements of these SPP. This paper presents our initial work on a conceptual architecture for context-aware and dynamic management of SPP in the fog. We provide preliminary results, showing the general feasibility of relocating processing elements according to changes in the geolocation.

P. Zehnder and P. Wiener and D. Riemer, 2019

Distributed publish/subscribe systems are an enabling technology for Industrial Internet of Things applications. While the number of sensors increases, network bandwidth becomes a bottleneck. Existing solutions typically aim to reduce network load either by pre-processing events directly on the edge or by aggregating events into larger batches. However, these approaches are rather static and do not adequately account for the application requirements of subscribers or the actual values of sensor measurements. This paper introduces methods for publish/subscribe systems to dynamically adapt payloads of events at runtime based on i) different data reduction and transformation strategies, ii) a wrapper solution around existing message brokers and iii) a semantics-based event schema registry. Consumers are able to subscribe to various quality levels and receive virtual events, that are reconstructed directly at the subscriber based on knowledge from the semantic model and dynamic decision rules. Our evaluation shows that the concept of virtual events can reduce the network load between publishers, the message broker and subscribers compared to multiple investigated compression techniques.

Matthias Kern, Ferhat Erata, Markus Iser, Carsten Sinz, Frederic Loiret, Stefan Otten, Eric Sax, 2019

Philip Schörner, Christian Hubschneider, Jonathan Härtl, Rupert Polley and J. Marius Zöllner, 2019

Philip Schörner, Jens Doll, Maximilian Galm and J. Marius Zöllner, 2019

Julia Lange and Reinhard Bürgy, 2019

Jan Novacek, Alexander Viehl, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2019

This paper presents an ontology-based approach to the supply chain-aware transformation of functional and environmental load requirements given by so-called Mission Profiles (MPs). The approach aims at improving the efficiency of the engineering process through supporting the transformation process and enabling a better integration of the transformation into existing Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) processes. We propose a methodology and a supporting system which aids in the transformation process while the latter feature is obtained by constructing and working on models. Consequent utilization of the standardized language OWL to express model representations further enables better knowledge integration and transfer among heterogeneous systems. In addition to that, this favors knowledge reuse across projects which can reduce overall costs. Moreover, the system enables stripping off irrelevant information from MPs, thus improving protection of intellectual property.

Julian Rominger, Manuel Lösch, Sebastian Steuer, Katrin Köper, Hartmut Schmeck, IEEE, 2019

As the share of energy from fluctuating renewable energy resources traded on the German power spot markets has risen over the past years, energy prices on these markets have become more volatile. Therefore, the opportunities for utilizing the flexibility of energy demand or supply to gain monetary benefits have increased significantly. Especially the EPEX Intraday Continuous power market appears to be a favorable market place for demand- and supply-side flexibility options as continuously changing prices for power products offer the possibility to profit from consecutive rescheduling up to only five minutes before delivery. The contribution of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we provide an analysis of the development of the German Intraday Continuous power market over the years 2015 to 2017, and secondly, we quantify the revenue potential for different flexibility options participating in this market. The results of this work show an increasing revenue potential over the course of the three years. The revenues equal up to 3.4 times the wholesale energy costs for solely consuming and up to 12.4 times for consuming and generating flexibility options.

David Wölfle, Kevin Förderer and Hartmut Schmeck, 2019

Ingmar Baumgart and Matthias Boersig and Niklas Goerke and Timon Hackenjos and Jochen Rill and Marek Wehmer, IEEE, 2019

The home Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) industry is on the rise [1]. Newer models are built as Internet-connected devices that offer new service models for customers and manufacturers alike. This approach, as can be observed from emerging Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the last decade, brings new challenges and issues with it. First of all, threats to user privacy and botnet attacks come to mind. More importantly, there are now substantial advances to put flexible BESS in more critical roles in the power grid and let them provide primary balancing power in order to compensate fluctuations [2]. However, while the safety properties of such systems are currently being explored by researchers [3], their security is mostly unexplored and unregulated. To explore the state of security of residential BESS, we systematically analyzed commercially available storage systems from ten different manufacturers, who have a combined market share of more than 60 percent in Germany [4]. We show that all of them have security issues and four of them contain severe security flaws. In order to exemplify the deficit in the industry to properly secure Internet connected devices, we present three attacks in detail.

Meyer, Annika and Walter, Jonas and Lauer, Martin and Stiller, Christoph, 2019

Estimating and understanding the current scene is an inevitable capability of automated vehicles. Usually, maps are used as prior for interpreting sensor measurements in order to drive safely and comfortably. Only few approaches take into account that maps might be outdated and lead to wrong assumptions on the environment. This work estimates a lane-level intersection topology without any map prior by observing the trajectories of other traffic participants.We are able to deliver both a coarse lane-level topology as well as the lane course inside and outside of the intersection using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. The model is neither limited to a number of lanes or arms nor to the topology of the intersection.We present our results on an evaluation set of 1000 simulated intersections and achieve 99.9% accuracy on the topology estimation that takes only 36ms, when utilizing tracked object detections. The precise lane course on these intersections is estimated with an error of 15cm on average after 140ms. Our approach shows a similar level of precision on 14 real-world intersections with 18cm average deviation on simple intersections and 27cm for more complex scenarios. Here the estimation takes only 113ms in total.

Juan Camilo Vasquez Tieck, Pascal Becker, Igor Peric, Jacques Kaiser, Mahmoud Akl, Daniel Reichard, Arne Rönnau, Rüdiger Dillmann, 2019

David Wölfle, Kevin Förderer and Hartmut Schmeck, 2019

Given the expected high penetration of renewable energy production in future electricity systems, it is common to consider buildings as a valuable source for the provisioning of flexibility to support the power grids. Motivated by this concept, a wide variety of control strategies for building energy management has been proposed throughout the last decades. % and especially for the previously mentioned components However, these algorithms are usually implemented and evaluated for very specific settings and considerations. Thus, a neutral comparison, especially of performance measures, is nearly impossible. Inspired by recent developments in reinforcement learning research, we suggest the use of common environments (i.e. benchmarks) for filling this gap and finally propose a general concept for standardized benchmarks for the evaluation of control strategies for building energy management.

Baumgart, Ingmar and Borsig, Matthias and Goerke, Niklas and Hackenjos, Timon and Rill, Jochen and Wehmer, Marek, IEEE, 2019

The home Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) industry is on the rise [1]. Newer models are built as Internet-connected devices that offer new service models for customers and manufacturers alike. This approach, as can be observed from emerging Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the last decade, brings new challenges and issues with it. First of all, threats to user privacy and botnet attacks come to mind. More importantly, there are now substantial advances to put flexible BESS in more critical roles in the power grid and let them provide primary balancing power in order to compensate fluctuations [2]. However, while the safety properties of such systems are currently being explored by researchers [3], their security is mostly unexplored and unregulated. To explore the state of security of residential BESS, we systematically analyzed commercially available storage systems from ten different manufacturers, who have a combined market share of more than 60 percent in Germany [4]. We show that all of them have security issues and four of them contain severe security flaws. In order to exemplify the deficit in the industry to properly secure Internet connected devices, we present three attacks in detail.

David Wölfle, 2019

Roland Gröll and Timon Hackenjos and Alexander Koch and Bernhard Löwe and Jeremias Mechler and Jörn Müller-Quade and Jochen Rill, Springer International Publishing, 2019

EMV, also known as Chip and PIN, is the world-wide standard for card-based electronic payment. Its security wavers: over the past years, researchers have demonstrated various practical attacks, ranging from using stolen cards by disabling PIN verification to cloning cards by pre-computing transaction data. Most of these attacks rely on violating certain unjustified and not explicitly stated core assumptions upon which EMV is built, namely that the input device (e.g. the ATM) is trusted and all communication channels are non-interceptable. In addition, EMV lacks a comprehensive formal description of its security.

Baumgart, Ingmar and Borsig, Matthias and Goerke, Niklas and Hackenjos, Timon and Rill, Jochen and Wehmer, Marek, 2019

The home Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) industry is on the rise [1]. Newer models are built as Internet-connected devices that offer new service models for customers and manufacturers alike. This approach, as can be observed from emerging Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the last decade, brings new challenges and issues with it. First of all, threats to user privacy and botnet attacks come to mind. More importantly, there are now substantial advances to put flexible BESS in more critical roles in the power grid and let them provide primary balancing power in order to compensate fluctuations [2]. However, while the safety properties of such systems are currently being explored by researchers [3], their security is mostly unexplored and unregulated. To explore the state of security of residential BESS, we systematically analyzed commercially available storage systems from ten different manufacturers, who have a combined market share of more than 60 percent in Germany [4]. We show that all of them have security issues and four of them contain severe security flaws. In order to exemplify the deficit in the industry to properly secure Internet connected devices, we present three attacks in detail.

Janek Bender, Jana Deckers, Simon Fritz, Jivka Ovtcharova, 2019

Manufacturing industries face increasingly complex customer demands in terms of product customisation and delivery times. At the same time, batch sizes decline and production needs to adapt to flexible demands and highly configurable products. These circumstances pose significant challenges for both plant engineers and process planners. In this work, we explore a novel approach in order to establish a Closed Loop Engineering process chain for the Digital Factory by combining state of the art technologies from the fields of Production and Process Automation, Virtual Reality (VR), and Internet of Things (IoT). As a proof of concept, we developed a VR-demonstrator using the CONTACT Elements for IoT platform in conjunction with a web-based production process planner and Manufacturing Execution System (MES) written by the FZI in Java as well as the Unity game engine for real-time simulation in VR.

Janek Bender, Jana Deckers, Lucas Kirsch, Jivka Ovtcharova, 2019

In dieser Veröffentlichung wird ein Closed-Loop-Engineering Ansatz für die schnelle Rekonfiguration von Produktionsanlagen unter Zuhilfenahme von Virtual Reality vorgestellt (VR). Dabei wird auf Technologien aus den Bereichen IoT, Digitaler Zwilling, Produktionsplanung und -steuerung sowie VR zurückgegriffen. Anhand des Beispiels einer Abfüllanlage mit eigenem Digitalem Zwilling wird gezeigt, wie Fabriklayouts, sowie Maschinenkonfigurationen und –positionen in VR angepasst und mithilfe einer holistischen Prozesssimulation virtuell in Betrieb genommen werden können. Dafür wird die in Unity umgesetzte VR-Simulation mit einem selbstgeschriebenen Manufacturing Execution System (MES) und einer kommerziellen IoT-Plattform gekoppelt. Zusätzlich können reale Maschinen über Ihre Digitalen Zwillinge in das System eingebunden werden. Mithilfe der simulierten und realen Sensordaten lassen sich Analysen auf Fehler und Ineffizi-enzen durchführen. Lösungen für so identifizierte Probleme können durch Rekon-figuration und erneute Simulation in VR zeitnah validiert werden. Diese Kopplung von leichtgewichtiger Prozesssimulation in VR mit einem MES und einer kom-merziellen IoT-Plattform birgt große Potentiale im Anlagenbau.

Balint Varga, Arash Shahirpour, Stefan Schwab, Soeren Hohmann, 2019

This paper addresses a control algorithm for mid-sized heavy-duty vehicles with a working manipulator to support the human operator. Such vehicle-manipulators (VM) are used for ditch cleaning, landscape maintenance or other farming works, like grass mowing. The operation of such systems is challenging, as the human operator has to deal with a dual task: the vehicle has to stay on its path, and the manipulator has to follow its trajectory to fulfil its task. This task is physiologically and physically demanding and requires an expert human worker. To increase the efficiency, to relieve the human worker and to reduce the training time of novice operators, we propose a control concept to automate the vehicle’s steering, in such a way that the vehicle supports the operator. Another advantage of this concept is the lack of the necessity of additional sensors to observe the states of the manipulator. The concept requires the inputs solely from the operator, which is suitable for a real-world application. The dynamic equation of the system is an extended state-of-the-art vehicle model in Frenét-frame. An additional system state is derived from the dynamic model of the vehicle-manipulator to take the human actions into account. This additional state influences the motion of the manipulator when it is required. Such assistance is beneficial if the manipulator cannot follow its trajectory fast enough. The control concept is tested and verified in simulations, where the human is modelled as an optimal controller, to emphasize the advantages of the proposed concept.

Huber, Julian and Jung, Dominik and Schaule, Elisabeth and Weinhardt, Christof, 2019

Lehmann, Nico and Huber, Julian and Kie\ssling, Andreas, 2019

Kraft, E and Lehmann, N and Huber, J and Poplavskaya, K and Schreiber, S and Zöphel, C and Fraunholz, C and Reiter, U and Herbst, A and Fleiter, T and others, 2019

Arthur Kühlwein, Sebastian Reiter, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, Oliver Bringmann, 2019

G. Heppner, C. Plasberg, L. Puck, T. Schnell, T. Büttner, A. Rönnau, R. Dillmann, 2019

By not knowing their limits, field and service robots either act overly careful, limiting their potential, or are oblivious to risks involved in their mission, leading to possibly dangerous behaviors. We present our Health-Tree approach to enable robots and their operators to intuitively estimate the robots current well being. In combination with our Skill-Tree the consequences of using robot capabilities are made visible, enabling risk aware decisions. The system was tested with two different robot types, LAURON V and a bebop UAV.

G.P. Rivera, C. Eichmann, S. Scherzinger, L. Puck, A. Roennau, R. Dillmann, 2019

Diseases that cause motor impairment leave people dependent on the help of caregivers or new technologies for their daily tasks. Care robots could support these patients and help them gaining autonomy in some of their daily activities. In this paper, a robotic assistant is introduced based on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis patients requests for care robotics. The presented use cases are derived from their feedback and integrated using a compliant lightweight robotic arm. The system has been developed to be used independently from the input device owned by the patient, which grants an easy access to the robot without any special training. The system is flexible enough to not harm the patient for tasks that involve physical humanrobot interaction, and yet precise enough to manipulate different objects.

S. Scherzinger and A. Roennau and R. Dillmann, 2019

S. Scherzinger and A. Roennau and R. Dillmann, 2019

Bolano, Gabriele and Becker, Pascal and Kaiser, Jacques and Roennau, Arne and Dillmann, Ruediger, 2019

Julian Rominger, Manuel Loesch, Hartmut Schmeck, 2019

This paper shows the results of an empirical analysis of electric vehicle (EV) charging behaviour at a cluster of 10 AC charging points at a commercial offce site in Garching, Germany. It quantifies the potential of controlled charging to lower the charging cluster’s peak load. By utilizing charging meter data we were able to simulatively evaluate different control strategies, and to model their power profiles and peak loads. Backed by empirical charging data, our analysis shows that around 80 % of charge events are characterized by a certain flexibility that allows to adjust their power profiles. Furthermore, the peak load can be reduced by 44 % without affecting the EV’s mobility and by 69 % if less than 20 % of charging is controlled.

Levina, O. and Mattern, S. and Kiefer, F., 2019

Levina, Olga, 2019

Levina, Olga, 2019

Data scandals from social networks and scandals associated with IT use are increasingly present in the public discussion. This shows that ethical considerations in the area of information technology (IT) can no longer be neglected. Many providers of IT artefacts such as social networks and digital applications implement their products without considering the resulting social effects. This article focuses on the social and ethical issues that may arise from the diffusion and use of digital platforms. Based on experiences from design research projects in this field, a short analysis of the platform governance concept and its impact on the ethical aspects of computer science research according to Mason is be carried out. Mason's ethics analysis approach is chosen here to empower both ethical reasoning in the IT field and to point out aspects of the artifact that have received little or no attention so far to researchers and platform creators.

Mischa Ahrens, Jan Müller, Hartmut Schmeck, 2019

In demand side management, variable electricity pricing is often used to shape the load of electricity consumers and producers. The task of finding the right price profile to realize a target load profie is a bilevel optimization problem that varies in complexity depending on the considered distributed energy resources. Solutions to this problem proposed in the literature usually rely on extensive simplifications and often consider only specific device types or load shaping methods. Simple pricing schemes often fail to induce specific target load profiles due to effects like load synchronization. This poster abstract extends a machine learning based electricity pricing scheme proposed in previous work. Its objective is to generate price profiles basedon knowledge about the behavior of energy resources in response to different price profiles and in various situations. Principally, the presented pricing scheme can be used for any device configuration under the assumption that it offers exploitable flexibility and is governed by an automated energy management system aimed at minimizing energy costs.

M. Naumann and H. Konigshof and M. Lauer and C. Stiller, 2019

M. Naumann and H. Königshof and C. Stiller, 2019

Königshof, Hendrik and Salscheider, Niels Ole and Stiller, Christoph, 2019

Philip Schörner, Lars Töttel, Jens Doll and J. Marius Zöllner, 2019

Victor Anthony Arrascue Ayala and Polina Koleva and Anas Alzogbi and Matteo Cossu and Michael Färber and Patrick Philipp and Guilherme Schievelbein and Io Taxidou and Georg Lausen, ACM, 2019

Nicole Merkle and Patrick Philipp, ACM, 2019

Dirk Achenbach and Roland Gröll and Timon Hackenjos and Alexander Koch and Bernhard Löwe and Jeremias Mechler and Jörn Müller-Quade and Jochen Rill, Springer, 2019

Philipp Rosenberger, Martin Holder, Marc René Zofka, Tobias Fleck, Thomas D’hondt, Benjamin Wassermann, Juraj Prstek, 2019

Dirk Achenbach and Roland Gröll and Timon Hackenjos and Alexander Koch and Bernhard Löwe and Jeremias Mechler and Jörn Müller-Quade and Jochen Rill, Springer, 2019

Arthur Kühlwein, Anton Paule, Leon Hielscher, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, Oliver Bringmann, 2019

Sten Grüner, Andreas Burger, Hadil Abukwaik, Sascha El-Sharkawy, Klaus Schmid, Tewfik Ziadi, Anton Paule, Alexander Viehl, 2019

Kuhlwein, Arthur and Paule, Anton and Hielscher, Leon and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang and Bringmann, Oliver, 2019

Dirk Achenbach and Roland Gröll and Timon Hackenjos and Alexander Koch and Bernhard Löwe and Jeremias Mechler and Jörn Müller-Quade and Jochen Rill, 2019

Ingmar Baumgart and Matthias Borsig and Niklas Goerke and Timon Hackenjos and Jochen Rill and Marek Wehmer, 2019

C. King and L. Ries and C. Kober and C. Wohlfahrt and E. Sax, IEEE Computer Society, 2019

G. P. Rivera and C. Eichmann and S. Scherzinger and L. Puck and A. Roennau and R. Dillmann, 2019

Diseases that cause motor impairment leave people dependent on the help of caregivers or new technologies for their daily tasks. Care robots could support these patients and help them gaining autonomy in some of their daily activities. In this paper, a robotic assistant is introduced based on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis patients requests for care robotics. The presented use cases are derived from their feedback and integrated using a compliant lightweight robotic arm. The system has been developed to be used independently from the input device owned by the patient, which grants an easy access to the robot without any special training. The system is flexible enough to not harm the patient for tasks that involve physical human-robot interaction, and yet precise enough to manipulate different objects. Despite the increasing acceptance of care robots in the community nowadays, the robotic assistant is one of the few robot solutions that combines autonomous behaviors and teleoperated control.

L. Hielscher, F. Haxel, A. Kühlwein, S. Reiter, A. Viehl, O. Bringmann, W. Rosenstiel, 2019

Pascal Becker, Etienne Henger, Arne Rönnau, Rüdiger Dillmann, 2019

2019

J.Sonneck, K.Thiele, C. Bath, 2019

Julian Rominger, Patrick Ludwig, Fabian Kern, Manuel Loesch, Hartmut Schmeck, 2018

This paper estimates the potential to reduce market-based charging and discharging of a battery energy storage system (BESS) that provides frequency containment reserve (FCR) through (a) the utilization of degrees of freedom (DOFs) during reserve provision, and (b) the utilization of the flexibility of local power units (LPUs) at an investigated industrial site. In context of a of a real BESS providing 7 MW of FCR, the potential is quantified based on a simulation using real grid frequency data and real power profiles of LPUs at an industrial site for the year 2016. At the explored site, LPUs identified to provide charge management of the BESS include wind turbines (WT), a combined heat and power plant (CHPP), and power consumption by the fans of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. Results indicate that the energy charged and discharged through market-based transactions can be reduced by 56% and 66% respectively; however, the majority of these reductions are caused by the intelligent use of DOFs. Savings by using the flexibility of the mentioned LPUs can be attributed largely to the flexible operation of the HVAC system due to its highest availability and potential to substitute market-based charge events of the BESS.

Sascha Alpers and Roman Pilipchuk and Andreas Oberweis and Ralf Reussner, 2018

Modelling is a common method for both Business Architecture Management and for Software Architecture Management. In general, there is a gap in the model continuity between business models and software models. Especially when modelling compliance driven requirements like privacy traceability is important for compliance checks and helps to build the models in an efficient way. In this paper, approaches for modelling privacy from business and software engineering perspective are examined. A key finding is that there is currently no comprehensive modelling approach covering the needed aspects and perspectives.

Yasamin Mahmoodi and Sebastian Reiter and Alexander Viehl and Oliver Bringmann and Wolfgang Rosenstiel, SciTePress, 2018

Thomas Glock, Tobias Groß, Matthias Kern, Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Eric Sax, Jürgen Becker, IEEE - 7th International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management, 2018

By the introduction of industry 4.0 (I4.0), which is characterized by a decentralized intelligence as well as an autonomy of the product development, new challenges have arisen with regard to the existing technologies and planning of industrial plants. Most concepts developed are used by manufacturers of various branches themselves and have manufacturer specific scenarios, standards and requirements. This work presents the approach of a continuous scenariobased development of an I4.0 description language for an I4.0 industrial facility. The resulting metamodel is based on the service-oriented architecture and the Internet of things methodology. At the end of this paper, we will show how the metamodel is integrated and used in an I4.0 development tool.

Thomas Glock, Björn Sillmann, Max Kobold, Sebastian Rebmann, Eric Sax, IEEE - 12th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SYSCON2018), 2018

One of the major technical aspects of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is the decentralized task and function distribution based on a service-oriented approach. This leads to new challenges by using the existing technologies and planning methods of I4.0 industrial plants. The validation of such dynamic serviceoriented architectures requires new validation methods to ensure the correct functionality of the I4.0 plant. The interactions of distributed functions and the integration of functions on several devices play an important role in planning, configuration, and validation of such plants. This work presents a new approach of a continuous model-based validation and testing method of I4.0 plant service-oriented architectures. The method allows to reuse existing functional tests of services and to adjust them with the help of the model-based information of a plant architecture model.

Björn Sillmann, Thomas Glock, Raziyeh Ghassemi, Eric Sax, IEEE - The 12th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SYSCON2018), 2018

Electromobility is often associated with a limitation of the usual mobility. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) try to reduce the drawbacks and to generate an added value by networking Electric Vehicles (EV) with other electric power systems. This corresponds to the concept of System of Systems (SoS). The characteristics of these are distinguished with the autonomy of the constituent systems, an evolutionary development and an emergent behavior of the SOS. Due to a high number of variants of constituent systems with different technical properties, the architecture process is a combinatorial optimization problem. Since traditional architecting methods are focused on stand-alone systems, they are not appropriate for developing those combinatorial SoS architectures. As a result, there is a need for a better architecting methodology, which reflects the SoS specific characteristics within the developing process. This paper presents a new methodology for searching, assessing and optimizing SoS architectures based on a genetic algorithm. The new methodology has been applied to a scenario of an energetic EV integration into a smart home environment.

Valerij Schönemann, Hermann Winner, Thomas Glock, Stefan Otten, Eric Sax, Bert Boeddeker, Geert Verhaeg, Fabrizio Tronci, Gustavo G. Padilla, IEEE - Future Information and Communication Conference (FICC2018), 2018

New safety challenges have to be targeted due to the development of fully automated vehicles in the upcoming future. However, designing safe vehicle automation systems is essential. This work presents a scenario-based methodology for functional safety analysis according to the ISO 26262 using the example of automated valet parking (AVP). The vehicle automation system is decomposed into functional scenarios that can occur during operation. Potential malfunctions are identified for each scenario within a hazard analysis and risk assessment (HARA). Elaborated safety goals for automated valet parking are presented.

Yasamin Mahmoodi and Sebastian Reiter and Alexander Viehl and Oliver Bringmann and Wolfgang Rosenstiel, SciTePress, 2018

Peter Wolf, Karl Kurzer, Tobias Wingert, Florian Kuhnt, J. Marius Zöllner, 2018

Th. Gellrich, S. Meinicke, P. Knipper, S. Hohmann, Th. Wetzel, 2018

Schwab, Stefan and Puig, Vicenc and Hohmann, Soeren, 2018

Jacob Langner, Johannes Bach, Lennart Ries, Stefan Otten, Marc Holzäpfel and Eric Sax, 2018

Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADAS) use a multitude of input signals for tasks like trajectory planning and control of vehicle dynamics provided by a large variety of information sources such as sensors and digital maps. To assure the feature?s valid behavior all realistically possible environmental situations have to be tested. The test scenarios used for simulation can be derived from real-world-driving-data. However, the significance of derived scenarios is weakened by repetitive similar situations within the driving data, which increase the test efforts without providing new insights regarding the test of the ADAS. In this contribution, an automated selection algorithm for test scenarios based on relevant environmental parameters is presented. Starting with a randomly selected initial testset, the machine-learning concept of autoencoders is utilized to recognize novel scenarios within the data pool, which are iteratively added to the initial testset. Furthermore, the key parameters for the autoencoder?s performance are shown in depths. The approach is fully automated, so that the identified novel scenarios within an entire testset are automatically combined to a reduced testset of unique relevant scenarios. The achieved testset reduction and thereby the saving potential in simulation time is demonstrated on a dataset including several thousand test kilometers.

Th. Gellrich, T. Schuermann, F. Hobus, S. Hohmann, 2018

Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Thomas Glock, Matthias Kern, Eric Sax, Jürgen Becker, VDI-Verlag, 2018

Die zunehmende Vernetzung sowie Dezentralität von Cyber-Physical Systems im industriellen Umfeld bietet ein hohes Potential und einen hohen Nutzen, wie z.B. eine effizientere Ressourcennutzung und Wartung der Anlagen, erhöht jedoch auch die Komplexität dieser Industrie 4.0 Systeme, welche durch verteilte Funktionsumfänge und globalen Informationsaustausch geprägt sind. Durch die hochgradige Vernetzung und die wachsende Komplexität werden die Systemgrenzen unschärfer und anfälliger für Angriffe, sodass Sicherheit eine Schlüsselrolle beim Einsatz und bei der Akzeptanz spielt. Um die Sicherheit von Industrie 4.0 Systemen ausreichend zu berücksichtigen, sollte diese bereits in den frühen Phasen des Systementwurfs betrachtet werden (Security-by-Design), um nachträgliche Maßnahmen mit hohen Kosten und großem Aufwand zu verhindern. Modellbasierte Werkzeuge, bei denen die Systeme und deren Sicherheitsaspekte modelliert und analysiert werden können, stellen einen geeigneten Ansatz zur Lösung dieser Problematik bereit. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert ein Konzept für eine modellbasierte Entwurfsunterstützung, die Security-by-Design für Industrie 4.0 Anlagen ermöglicht. Ziel der Entwurfsunterstützung ist, aktuelle und zukünftige intelligente Systeme angriffsresistenter entwickeln zu können

Tobias Fleck, Karam Daaboul, Michael Weber, Philip Schoerner, Marek Wehmer, Jens Doll, Stefan Orf, Nico Sußmann, Christian Hubschneider, Marc Rene Zofka, Florian Kuhnt, Ralf Kohlhaas, Ingmar Baumgart, Raoul Zoellner, J. Ma, 2018

J. Camilo Vasquez Tieck, Lea Steffen, Jacques Kaiser, Arne Roennau, Rüdiger Dillmann, 2018

J. Camilo Vasquez Tieck, Lea Steffen, Jacques Kaiser, Arne Roennau, Rüdiger Dillmann, 2018

Jacques Kaiser, Jakob Weinland, Philip Keller, Lea Steffen, J. Camilo Vasquez Tieck, Daniel Reichard, Arne Roennau, Jorg Conradt, Rüdiger Dillmann, 2018

Gabriele Bolano, Atanas Tanev, Lea Steffen, Arne Roennau, Ruediger Dillmann, 2018

Julius Kümmerle, Tilman Kühner, Martin Lauer, 2018

Sascha Alpers, Enes Erdogan, Stefan Gapp, Andreas Fritsch, Ainara Miller-Askar, Andreas Oberweis, Gunther Schiefer, Manuela Wagner, 2018

Kaiser, Jacques and Weinland, Jakob and Keller, Philip and Steffen, Lea and Tieck, J Camilo Vasquez and Reichard, Daniel and Roennau, Arne and Conradt, Jörg and Dillmann, Rüdiger, 2018

Depth perception through stereo vision is an important feature of biological and artificial vision systems. While biological systems can compute disparities effortlessly, it requires intensive processing for artificial vision systems. The computing complexity resides in solving the correspondence problem -- finding matching pairs of points in the two eyes. Inspired by the retina, event-based vision sensors allow a new constraint to solve the correspondence problem: time. Relying on precise spike-time, spiking neural networks can take advantage of this constraint. However, disparities can only be computed from dynamic environments since event-based vision sensors only report local changes in light intensity. In this paper, we show how microsaccadic eye movements can be used to compute disparities from static environments. To this end, we built a robotic head supporting two Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVS) capable of independent panning and simultaneous tilting. We evaluate the method on both static and dynamic scenes perceived through microsaccades. This paper demonstrates the complementarity of event-based vision sensors and active perception leading to more biologically inspired robots.

Kaiser, Jacques and Lindner, Gerd and Tieck, J Camilo Vasquez and Schulze, Martin and Hoff, Michael and Roennau, Arne and Dillmann, Rüdiger, 2018

While extracting spatial features from images has been studied for decades, extracting spatio-temporal features from event streams is still a young field of research. A particularity of event streams is that the same network architecture can be used for recognition of static objects or motions. However, it is not clear what features provide a good abstraction and in what scenario. In this paper, we evaluate the quality of the features of a spiking HMAX architecture by computing classification performance before and after each layer. %% Three different classifiers are used: a linear Support Vector Machine (SVM), an Histogram and a Liquid State Machine (LSM). We demonstrate the abstraction capability of classical edge features, as were found in the V1 area of the visual cortex, combined with fixational eye movements. Specifically, our performance on N-Caltech101 dataset outperforms previously reported $F_1$ score on Caltech101, with a similar architecture but without a STDP learning layer. %% Indeed, by benchmarking a spiking HMAX architecture on the N-Caltech101 dataset However, we show that the same edge features do not manage to abstract motions observed with a static DVS from the DvsGesture dataset. %% In our experiments, pure unsupervised STDP learning in the S2 layer did not lead to the learning of stable and discriminative patterns. Additionally, we show that liquid state machines are a promising computational model for the classification of DVS data with temporal dynamics. This paper is a step forward towards understanding and reproducing biological vision.

Kaiser, Jacques and Melbaum, Svenja and Tieck, J Camilo Vasquez and Roennau, Arne and Butz, Martin V and Dillmann, Rudiger, 2018

Prediction is believed to play an important role in the human brain. However, it is still unclear how predictions are used in the process of learning new movements. In this paper, we present a method to learn movements from visual prediction. The method consists of two phases: learning a visual prediction model for a given movement, then minimizing the visual prediction error. The visual prediction model is learned from a single demonstration of the movement where only visual input is sensed. Unlike previous work, we represent visual information with event streams as provided by a Dynamic Vision Sensor. This allows us to only process changes in the environment instead of complete snapshots using spiking neural networks. By minimizing the prediction error, movements visually similar to the demonstration are learned. We evaluate our method by learning simple movements from human demonstrations on different simulated robots. We show that the definition of the visual prediction error greatly impacts movements learned by our method.

Wiener, Patrick, 2018

M. Schinle, T. Födisch und W. Stork, 2018

Ziel des Projektes "Assistent" ist es, relevante Informationen für die Kommunikation zwischen informeller und professioneller Pflege gegenseitig im Sinne einer optimalen Betreuung bereitzustellen. Diese Informationen beziehen sich sowohl auf Alltagsaktivitäten (erkannt durch Monitoring-Systeme), versorgungsrelevante Informationen (z.B. Besuchszeiten) als auch auf vereinzelte Leistungen, welche über die Pflegedokumentation für die professionelle Pflege erfasst werden. Bisherige Lösungen befassen sich meist mit der Dokumentation der Pflege für jeweils entweder nur die informelle oder die professionelle Pflege. Durch Assistent soll Angehörigen und professionell Pflegenden ein einfacherer Austausch zur Betreuungssituation älterer, unterstützungsbedürftiger Personen ermöglicht werden.

Häfner, P.; Dücker, J.; Schlatt, C.; Ovtcharova, J., Dime University of Genoa, Rende, 2018

Virtual reality is becoming increasingly popular, especially for education and training. Many schoolings or training domains can profit from it. Until now, there is few guidance on when and how to employ such technologies. In this paper, we propose a method for analyzing step by step if a course can profit from the use of immersive virtual environments. Specific indicators were identified and compiled into a questionnaire that can be used to assess for which courses the use of virtual reality could be beneficial. An existing course situation is analyzed from different perspectives, as students, educators or the management might perceive it differently. As a further step, the paper contains a guideline on how to carry out the feasibility studies in the context of virtual reality learning environments. The profitability of the investment is investigated from different angles in order to allow a well-founded decision. The procedure is then carried out on sample use cases to validate the method.

Manuel Loesch, Sandeep Nainappagari, Julian Rominger, Hartmut Schmeck, 2018

In the synchronized European grid, Secondary Control Reserve (SCR) is a key component to restore a stable grid frequency of 50 Hz. The German SCR market is based on a capacity price and an energy price. After being accepted into the reserve pool based on the capacity price, the energy price determines the position in the call merit order, and hence the probability of an activation. In this paper we present results of an ex-post simulation of the SCR market, based on publicly available data. Using our simulation, we quantified the share of SCR bid activations given different energy prices, and derived the profit potential for SCR providers. In addition, we investigated the development over the last years, recognizing that in particular positive SCR bids with a given energy price tend to be activated less often. By providing transparency regarding the relation between reserve energy prices and the share of activations, the insights presented in this paper can be used by balancing service providers in order to improve their SCR bids, or to validate the quality of bidding strategies of SCR aggregators.

Stach, Christoph, Alpers, Sascha, Betz, Stefanie, Dürr, Frank, Fritsch, Andreas, Mindermann, Kai, Palanisamy, Saravana Murthy, Schiefer, Gunther, Wagner, Manuela, Mitschang, Bernhard, Oberweis, Andreas, Wagner, Stefan, 2018

Sascha Alpers, Stefanie Betz, Andreas Fritsch, Andreas Oberweis, Gunther Schiefer and Manuela Wagner, 2018

Felix Brandt, 2018

Philipp Fath, David Sayah, Stefan Nickel, 2018

David Olave, Stefan Nickel, Philipp Fath, Melanie Reuter-Oppermann, 2018

Sascha Alpers and Stefanie Betz and Andreas Fritsch and Andreas Oberweis and Gunther Schiefer and Manuela Wagner, 2018

Christoph Stach and Sascha Alpers and Stefanie Betz and Frank Dürr and Andreas Fritsch and Kai Mindermann and Saravana Murthy Palanisamy and Gunther Schiefer and Manuela Wagner and Bernhard Mitschang and Andreas Oberweis and , 2018

Tobias Fleck, Karam Daaboul, Michael Weber, Philip Schörner, Marek Wehmer, Jens Doll, Stefan Orf, Nico Sußmann, Christian Hubschneider, Marc René Zofka, Florian Kuhnt, Ralf Kohlhaas, Ingmar Baumgart, Raoul Zöllner, J Marius Z, 2018

Ulrich Berger, Stefan Orf, Maximilian Muffert, J Marius Zöllner, 2018

Björn Sillmann, Kristina Gruber, Thomas Glock, Eric Sax, IEEE International Systems Engineering Symposium (ISSE), 2018

In future, Electric vehicles (EV) will play a key role for an affordable and sustainable mobility in urban areas. Today, Electric Vehicles are often associated with a limitation of the usual mobility. Original Equipment Manufacturers try to reduce the drawbacks and to generate added values by connecting EVs with other individual systems, like Household Components, Photovoltaic Systems, and Home Energy Storage Systems, which builds a connected Smart Home. This correspondents to the concepts of System of Systems (SoS) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) applications. Due to a high number of variants of constituent systems, the overall development of such connected systems gets a combinatorial optimization problem. Today’s engineering methods don’t address the challenges of finding the optimal SoS architecture. This paper presents a new engineering methodology for searching, assessing, and optimizing the SoS architecture for V2I applications. The new methodology is based on a Non-Dominating Sorting Genetic Algorithm II for an intelligent exploring of the trade space for finding optimal configurations of constituent systems and their interfaces. Therefore, a bitwise representation of SoS architectures is introduced. The methodology is validated at a real data set.

Dahm, M. & Dregger, A., 2018

Y. Mahmoodi, S. Reiter, A. Viehl, O. Bringmann, W. Rosenstiel, 2018

Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Thomas Glock, Matthias Kern, Eric Sax, Jürgen Becker, VDI-Verlag, 2018

Die zunehmende Vernetzung sowie Dezentralität von Cyber-Physical Systems im industriellen Umfeld bietet ein hohes Potential und einen hohen Nutzen, wie z.B. eine effizientere Ressourcennutzung und Wartung der Anlagen, erhöht jedoch auch die Komplexität dieser Industrie 4.0 Systeme, welche durch verteilte Funktionsumfänge und globalen Informationsaustausch geprägt sind. Durch die hochgradige Vernetzung und die wachsende Komplexität werden die Systemgrenzen unschärfer und anfälliger für Angriffe, sodass Sicherheit eine Schlüsselrolle beim Einsatz und bei der Akzeptanz spielt. Um die Sicherheit von Industrie 4.0 Systemen ausreichend zu berücksichtigen, sollte diese bereits in den frühen Phasen des Systementwurfs betrachtet werden (Security-by-Design), um nachträgliche Maßnahmen mit hohen Kosten und großem Aufwand zu verhindern. Modellbasierte Werkzeuge, bei denen die Systeme und deren Sicherheitsaspekte modelliert und analysiert werden können, stellen einen geeigneten Ansatz zur Lösung dieser Problematik bereit. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert ein Konzept für eine modellbasierte Entwurfsunterstützung, die Security-by-Design für Industrie 4.0 Anlagen ermöglicht. Ziel der Entwurfsunterstützung ist, aktuelle und zukünftige intelligente Systeme angriffsresistenter entwickeln zu können

Thomas Glock, Tobias Groß, Matthias Kern, Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Eric Sax, Jürgen Becker, IEEE - 7th International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management, 2018

By the introduction of industry 4.0 (I4.0), which is characterized by a decentralized intelligence as well as an autonomy of the product development, new challenges have arisen with regard to the existing technologies and planning of industrial plants. Most concepts developed are used by manufacturers of various branches themselves and have manufacturer specific scenarios, standards and requirements. This work presents the approach of a continuous scenariobased development of an I4.0 description language for an I4.0 industrial facility. The resulting metamodel is based on the service-oriented architecture and the Internet of things methodology. At the end of this paper, we will show how the metamodel is integrated and used in an I4.0 development tool.

Jacob Langner, Johannes Bach, Lennart Ries, Stefan Otten, Marc Holzäpfel and Eric Sax, 2018

Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADAS) use a multitude of input signals for tasks like trajectory planning and control of vehicle dynamics provided by a large variety of information sources such as sensors and digital maps. To assure the feature?s valid behavior all realistically possible environmental situations have to be tested. The test scenarios used for simulation can be derived from real-world-driving-data. However, the significance of derived scenarios is weakened by repetitive similar situations within the driving data, which increase the test efforts without providing new insights regarding the test of the ADAS. In this contribution, an automated selection algorithm for test scenarios based on relevant environmental parameters is presented. Starting with a randomly selected initial testset, the machine-learning concept of autoencoders is utilized to recognize novel scenarios within the data pool, which are iteratively added to the initial testset. Furthermore, the key parameters for the autoencoder?s performance are shown in depths. The approach is fully automated, so that the identified novel scenarios within an entire testset are automatically combined to a reduced testset of unique relevant scenarios. The achieved testset reduction and thereby the saving potential in simulation time is demonstrated on a dataset including several thousand test kilometers.

Florian Knöll, Thomas Setzer and Kevin Laubis, 2018

Alpers, Sascha and Pilipchuk, Roman and Oberweis, Andreas and Reussner, Ralf, 2018

Hinkel, Georg and Strittmatter, Misha, 2018

As model-driven engineering (MDE) gets applied for the development of larger systems, the quality assurance of model-driven artifacts becomes more important. Here, metamodels are particularly important as many other artifacts depend on them. However, existing metrics have been rarely validated for metamodels or, even more, evaluation results disproved a correlation between these existing metrics and perceived metamodel modularity. In this paper, we present a new entropy-based metric to capture the perception of metamodel modularity and evaluate the metric in multiple case studies. In the case studies, we correlate the metric results of 32 metamodels across three different domains with 164 responses of a quality assessment questionnaire for which we collected responses in two empirical experiments. The results show significant and strong correlations in all three domains between the metric results and the perceived metamodel modularity.

Hinkel, Georg and Busch, Kiana and Heinrich, Robert, 2018

Todays systems are often represented by abstract domain models to cope with an increased complexity. To both ensure suitable analyses and validity checks, it is desirable to model the system in multiple levels of abstraction simultaneously. Doing so, it is often desirable to model that one association is a refinement of another to avoid duplication of concepts. Existing approaches that support refinements request metamodelers to use new modeling paradigms or have less efficient model representations than commonly-used technologies such as EMF with Ecore. In this paper, we propose a non-invasive extension to support refinements and structural decompositions in Ecore-like meta-metamodels, show how these extension can be supported by code generation and show that the fulfillment of refinements can be guaranteed by the underlying type system.

Christian Stier and Jörg Domaschka and Anne Koziolek and Sebastian Krach and Jakub Krzywda and Ralf Reussner, ACM, 2018

Y. Mahmoodi, S. Reiter, A. Viehl, O. Bringmann, W. Rosenstiel, 2018

M. Schinle, I. Papantonis und W. Stork, 2018

Dementia affected 47 million people worldwide in 2016, which caused $ 818 billions of estimated costs in total. Due to high costs and inadequate governmental support, over 90 % of people with dementia in low- and middle-income countries need to be cared for at home. However, the multitude of implications overburdens both the people affected as well as their caregivers. Existing health monitoring systems for ambulatory care only offer dementia-specific support functions in combination with a variety of sensors, applications and administration efforts. Therefore, we present a method to support ambulatory care with simple ambient sensor settings. Our approach is intended to model the behaviour of the resident to derive habits and possible anomalies regarding dementia. To support planning of care measures and detect dementia onset, we start with day-night rhythm and night-time activity as relevant parameters, since they are associated with dementia and are beneficial for the implementation of care. Our primary objective is to automate the personalization of existing monitoring systems with as few ambient sensors as possible. The challenge of this work is to learn these parameters from a brief sensor data history about people who are living alone, are unable to handle wearable devices and cannot give autonomous feedback on their activities of daily living.

J. Schneider and M. Schroth and J. Ottenbacher and W. Stork, 2018

The miniaturization and energy optimization of sensors opens up new possibilities in the field of sleep research. Wearable sensors are capable of recording vital parameters during sleep in a simple and unobtrusive manner. In order to analyze sleep architecture and sleep disorders, continuous monitoring of movements and cardiorespiratory parameters in high resolution is of central importance. In this paper a novel wearable sensor device based on impedance plethysmography (IPG) is presented, which is able to continuously monitor movements and cardiac parameters at the wrist. The sensor is designed to realize high resolution measurements up to 48 hours constantly. Measurements during sleep show that up to 98% of the pulse intervals are correctly detected. Furthermore, the comparison of the heart rate variability (HRV) parameters between IPG and the gold standard ECG demonstrate the potential of the sensor as a valid tool for ambulant sleep analysis.

Julian Rominger, Patrick Ludwig, Fabian Kern, Manuel Loesch, Hartmut Schmeck, Elsevier, 2018

This paper estimates the potential to reduce market-based charging and discharging of a battery energy storage system (BESS) that provides frequency containment reserve (FCR) through (a) the utilization of degrees of freedom (DOFs) during reserve provision, and (b) the utilization of the flexibility of local power units (LPUs) at an investigated industrial site. In context of a of a real BESS providing 7 MW of FCR, the potential is quantified based on a simulation using real grid frequency data and real power profiles of LPUs at an industrial site for the year 2016. At the explored site, LPUs identified to provide charge management of the BESS include wind turbines (WT), a combined heat and power plant (CHPP), and power consumption by the fans of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. Results indicate that the energy charged and discharged through market-based transactions can be reduced by 56% and 66% respectively; however, the majority of these reductions are caused by the intelligent use of DOFs. Savings by using the flexibility of the mentioned LPUs can be attributed largely to the flexible operation of the HVAC system due to its highest availability and potential to substitute market-based charge events of the BESS.

Staudt, Philipp and Ludwig, Nicole and Huber, Julian and Hagenmeyer, Veit and Weinhardt, Christof, 2018

Huber, Julian and Köppl, Simon and Klempp, Nikolai and Schutz, Melanie and Heilmann, Erik, 2018

Huber, Julian and Jung, Dominik, KIT, Karlsruhe, 2018

Christian Juelg, Andreas Hermann, Arne Roennau and Rüdiger Dillmann, Springer International Publishing, 2018

We provide online dynamic robot task selection in human-robot collaborative contexts through a voxel-based collision avoidance system. This paper describes a partially automated screw assembly work-cell with a worker and a 6-DOF light-weight robot arm. The shared workspace is monitored by 3D point-cloud sensors. The dynamic task selection reduces robot waiting due to obstacles by exploiting situations where multiple tasks are available for the robot. Massively parallel evaluation of voxelized robot trajectories allows online avoidance of blocked paths. The robustness of the screw assembly process is increased through Cartesian compliance based on force-torque sensor feedback.

Manuel Loesch, Sandeep Nainappagari, Julian Rominger, Hartmut Schmeck, IEEE, 2018

In the synchronized European grid, Secondary Control Reserve (SCR) is a key component to restore a stable grid frequency of 50 Hz. The German SCR market is based on a capacity price and an energy price. After being accepted into the reserve pool based on the capacity price, the energy price determines the position in the call merit order, and hence the probability of an activation. In this paper we present results of an ex-post simulation of the SCR market, based on publicly available data. Using our simulation, we quantified the share of SCR bid activations given different energy prices, and derived the profit potential for SCR providers. In addition, we investigated the development over the last years, recognizing that in particular positive SCR bids with a given energy price tend to be activated less often. By providing transparency regarding the relation between reserve energy prices and the share of activations, the insights presented in this paper can be used by balancing service providers in order to improve their SCR bids, or to validate the quality of bidding strategies of SCR aggregators.

Katharina Glock, Anne Meyer, Bodo Bernsdorf, Sascha Woditsch, 2018

Victor Pazmino Betancourt, Thomas Glock, Matthias Kern, Eric Sax, Jürgen Becker, VDI-Verlag, 2018

Schwab, Stefan and Hohmann, Sören, ifak / Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, 2018

Schwab, Stefan and Puig, Vicenc and Hohmann, Soeren, 2018

Ali Ahari, Jan Novacek, Alexander Viehl, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel , 2018

M. Schinle, D. Wyszka, W. Stork, F. Schwärzler, K. Volz, M.-A. Ruby, E. Sejdinovic, 2018

The number of people suffering dementia is expected to nearly triple until 2050. Unfortunately, diagnosis is often provided too late or not at all, although the progression of the disease could be positively influenced by early detection. Reasons for this can be seen in the stigmatizing effect of the diagnosis and the lack of medical care especially in low- and middle-income countries. For diagnosing dementia, a variety of causal diseases need to be differentiated. An initial etiological differentiation and classification can be made by testing based on the clinical characteristics, such as memory loss or limited learning ability. This allows the derivation of progress and treatment of this syndrome. Therefore, we digitalized a combination between established, empirically validated assessments and new approaches to get a variation of measurements about cognition-, memory- and behaviour-related symptoms regarding the most common type of dementia. This paper will work out how the digitalization and enhancement of standardized psychological tests can support the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and which challenges this entails.

Matthias T. Frank and Viliam Simko, 2018

M. R. Zofka and M. Essinger and T. Fleck and R. Kohlhaas and J. M. Zöllner, 2018

Tobias Fleck, Karam Daaboul, Michael Weber, Philip Schoerner, Marek Wehmer, Jens Doll, Stefan Orf, Nico Sußmann, Christian Hubschneider, Marc Rene Zofka, Florian Kuhnt, Ralf Kohlhaas, Ingmar Baumgart, Raoul Zoellner and J. Ma, 2018

Z. Slavik and O. Bringmann and W. Rosenstiel and Y. Eldar, 2018

Tobias Fleck, Karam Daaboul, Michael Weber, Philip Schörner, Marek Wehmer, Jens Doll, Stefan Orf, Nico Sußmann, Christian Hubschneider, Marc Rene Zofka, Florian Kuhnt, Ralf Kohlhaas, Ingmar Baumgart, Raoul Zöllner and J. Ma, 2018

Ali Ahari, Jan Novacek, Alexander Viehl, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2018

The adoption of advanced semiconductor technolo- gies in automotive electronics introduces new qualification chal- lenges. In this paper, we propose a framework that provides an environment for all partners in the supply chain to collaborate in seamless assessment of a new technology during all development phases. The framework enables the assessment of system char- acteristics such as reliability and power without requiring any intellectual property exchange. The proposed methodology adapts the continuous change of internal models automatically, supply chains and parameter interdependencies during the different design phases. It also supports early decision-making throughout system planning and the identification of alternative suppliers. The framework’s applicability has been evaluated exemplary by assessing the reliability of an autonomous car. We show that the overall car reliability can be improved by up to 7.4% by selecting appropriate suppliers and technologies.

Jan Novacek, Ali Ahari, Alessandro Cornaglia, Fredrick Haxel, Alexander Viehl, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2018

Novacek, Jan and Ahari, Ali and Cornaglia, Alessandro and Haxel, Frederik and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, 2018

Pilipchuk, Roman and Seifermann, Stephan and Heinrich, Robert, ACM, 2018

Pilipchuk, Roman, ACM, 2018

Lemmer, Markus and Köpf, Florian and Schwab, Stefan and Flad, Michael and Hohmann, Soeren, 2018

P. Zehnder and D. Riemer, 2018

Digital twins provide the opportunity to observe and simulate current and future behaviour of cyber-physical systems in a non-invasive way. At the same time, digital representations of real-world assets allow to compare multiple situations in parallel and to estimate effects of planned interventions. Such simulations can be used in cyper-physical systems to make predictions about the future and prevent failures. However, it is complex to build a model that accurately represents the real-world and connects real-world assets to technically-oriented data streams produced by these assets. In this paper, we present a novel approach to model socalled Industrial Data Streams. Such streams are produced by assets in the real world and are integrated on a messageoriented middleware. Streams are annotated using the concept of semantic labels, which allows to assign characteristics such as location or type of the underlying assets to data streams. Our contribution consists of a semantic schema representation that categorises similar data streams, allowing subscribers to consume similar data from multiple assets within a single data analytics pipeline. Therefore, our approach paves the way for a more intuitive management of digital twin representations from industrial assets.

J. Novacek and A. Ahari and A. Cornaglia and F. Haxel and A. Viehl and O. Bringmann and W. Rosenstiel, 2018

This paper presents an ontology-supported approach to the management of design parameters in engineering. This approach aims specifically at enabling Change Impact Analysis through Requirements Traceability and acquainted expert knowledge of design parameters. The approach is suitable for both software and hardware designs. The activities and features are mainly obtained by (1) the application of an ontology-based universal system modeling procedure proposal for model integration, (2) the utilization of a knowledge base for capturing expert knowledge and (3) a semantic Mission Profile Aware Design platform. OWL is used to represent information and the underlying data model can improve knowledge transfer among heterogeneous systems which are common in complex engineering projects. At the same time, effort to perform reasoning on such models can be reduced. A demonstration and hands-on description of two illustrative use cases complements the paper.

Matthias T. Frank, Sebastian R. Bader, Viliam Simko, Stefan Zander, 2018

Meyer, Annika and Salscheider, Niels and F. Orzechowski, Piotr and Stiller, Christoph, 2018

In autonomous driving systems a strong relation to highly accurate maps is taken to be inevitable, although street scenes change frequently. However, a preferable system would be to equip the automated cars with a sensor system that is able to navigate urban scenarios without an accurate map. We present a novel pipeline using a deep neural network to detect lane semantics and topology given RGB images. On the basis of this classification, the information about the road scene can be extracted just from the sensor setup supporting mapless autonomous driving. In addition to superseding the huge effort of creating and maintaining highly accurate maps, our system reduces the need for precise localization. Using an extended Cityscapes dataset, we show accurate ego lane detection including lane semantics on challenging scenarios for autonomous driving.

Sascha Wirges, Felix Hartenbach and Christoph Stiller, 2018

A detailed environment representation is a crucial component of automated vehicles. Using single range sensor scans, data is often too sparse and subject to occlusions. Therefore, we present a method to augment occupancy grid maps from single views to be similar to evidential occupancy maps acquired from different views using Deep Learning. To accomplish this, we estimate motion between subsequent range sensor measurements and create an evidential 3D voxel map in an extensive post-processing step. Within this voxel map, we explicitly model uncertainty using evidence theory and create a 2D projection using combination rules. As input for our neural networks, we use a multi-layer grid map consisting of the three features detections, transmissions and intensity, each for ground and non-ground measurements. Finally, we perform a quantitative and qualitative evaluation which shows that different network architectures accurately infer evidential measures in real-time.

Sascha Wirges, Tom Fischer, Jesus Balado Frias and Christoph Stiller, 2018

Detailed environment perception is a crucial component of automated vehicles. However, to deal with the amount of perceived information, we also require segmentation strategies. Based on a grid map environment representation, well-suited for sensor fusion, free-space estimation and machine learning, we detect and classify objects using deep convolutional neural networks. As input for our networks we use a multi-layer grid map efficiently encoding 3D range sensor information. The inference output consists of a list of rotated bounding boxes with associated semantic classes. We conduct extensive ablation studies, highlight important design considerations when using grid maps and evaluate our models on the KITTI Bird's Eye View benchmark. Qualitative and quantitative benchmark results show that we achieve robust detection and state of the art accuracy solely using top-view grid maps from range sensor data.

Jan Müller, Mischa Ahrens, Ingo Mauser, Hartmut Schmeck, Springer International Publishing, 2018

Mischa Ahrens, Hartmut Schmeck, ACM, 2018

Kevin Förderer, Mischa Ahrens, Kaibin Bao, Ingo Mauser, Hartmut Schmeck, 2018

Fabian Poggenhans and Pauls, Jan-Hendrik and Janosovits, Johannes and Stefan Orf and Maximilian Naumann and Florian Kuhnt and Matthias Mayr, 2018

Although accurate and comprehensive maps are indispensable for highly automated driving, especially in complex urban scenarios, there are hardly any publications in which requirements for these maps are discussed. In our opinion, such maps must meet high demands in terms of accuracy, completeness, verifiability and extensibility, so that the resulting complexity can only be handled by an enclosing, carefully designed software framework. In this paper we therefore introduce the open-source map framework Lanelet2 implemented in C++ and explain the underlying concept. The goal of Lanelet2 is not only to be usable for typical, isolated applications such as localization or motion planning, but for various potential applications of maps for highly automated driving. On the basis of both abstract and real examples we show the concrete structure of Lanelet2 maps and its use for automated driving.

Poggenhans, Fabian and Salscheider, Niels and Stiller, Christoph, 2018

The future of automated driving in urban areas will most probably rely on highly accurate road maps. However, the necessary precision of a localization in such maps has so far only been reached using extra, sensor specific feature layers for localization. In this paper we want to show that it is possible to achieve sufficient accuracy without a separate localization layer. Instead, elements are used that are already contained in high-resolution road maps, such as markings and road borders. For this, we introduce a modular approach in which detections from different detection algorithms are associated with elements in the map and then fused to an absolute pose using an Unscented Kalman Filter. We evaluate our approach using a sensor setup that employs a stereo camera, vehicle odometry and a low-cost GNSS module on a 5km test route covering both narrow urban roads and multi-lane main roads under varying weather conditions. The results show that this approach is capable to be used for highly automated driving, showing an accuracy of 0.08m in typical road scenarios and a is available 98% of the time.

Huber, Julian and Richter, Bent and Weinhardt, Christof, 2018

Mengelkamp, Esther and Staudt, Philipp and Gärttner, Johannes and Weinhardt, Christof and Huber, Julian, 2018

Huber, J.; Schaule, E.; Jung, D., 2018

Huber, J.; Wolff, M. F.; Jung, D., 2018

Kloker, S.; Straub, T.; Morana, S.; Weinhardt, C., 2018

Kloker, S.; Straub, T.; Morana, S.; Weinhardt, C., 2018

Ömer Sahin Tas, Felix Hauser, Christoph Stiller, 2018

Ömer Sahin Tas, Christoph Stiller, 2018

Michael Weber, Matthias Huber and J. Marius Zöllner, 2018

Marvin Teichmann, Michael Weber, J. Marius Zöllner, Roberto Cippola and Rachel Urtasun, 2018

Naumann, Maximilian and Poggenhans, Fabian and Lauer, Martin and Stiller, Christoph, 2018

Naumann, Maximilian and Lauer, Martin and Stiller, Christoph, 2018

J. Schneider and M. Schroth and J. Ottenbacher and W. Stork, 2018

Buettner, Timothee and Tanev, Atanas and Pfotzer, Lars and Roennau, Arne and Dillmann, Ruediger, 2018

T. BUETTNER, D. WILKE, A. ROENNAU, G. HEPPNER and R. DILLMANN, 2018

Improving robustness of walking robots has always been problematic. Their complex kinematics and locomotion has always been prone to damage: a broken cable, an unstable foothold or a wrong set of parameters has been an everlasting source of frustration. Nature developed an extraordinary robustness through redundancy and fast adaptation. Theories about decentralized nervous systems has inspired this paper with a novel approach. The presented solution aims at relocating low-level walking behaviours to a network of computers and, more exactly, into the robots individual legs. This paper will not cover the full scope of the software implementation (this is a eld found especially in modular robotics), but presents how such an encapsulated leg with all necessary hardware is built and focuses on the mechanical and kinematic aspect of such legs. It highlights how a robotic leg needs to be designed to tackle structured environments serves as explanatory guide through the design process of legs with integrated PCU and sensors.

Timothee Buettner, Atanas Tanev, Lars Pfotzer, Arne Roennau and Ruediger Dillmann, 2018

The introduction of modular satellite systems represents an attractive goal pursued by several aerospace agencies as well as scientific institutions worldwide. Advantages in robustness, long-term use and production are only few examples that speak for modularity. The downside to modularity is the still prevailing complexity of designing satellites and their building blocks. The intelligent Computer Aided Satellite Designer (iCASD) was developed initially to speed up this design process. The tedious work of fitting, placing and integrating multiple components is especially time consuming since every building block comes with often competing restrictions. The presented tool uses the modularity of satellite components, and turns the design process into an abstracted problem capable to be solved by methods such as the proposed genetic algorithm. In this paper, we will present the underlying processes, how building blocks and corresponding rules are modelled and how a optimal configuration is calculated with this comprehensive tool.

Tobias Fleck and Karam Daaboul and Michael Weber and Philip Schörner and Marek Wehmer and Jens Doll and Stefan Orf and Nico Su\ssmann and Christian Hubschneider and Marc Ren\'e Zofka and Florian Kuhnt and Ralf Kohlhaas and In, 2018

Marc Rene Zofka and Stefan Ulbrich and Daniel Karl and Tobias Fleck and Ralf Kohlhaas and Arne Rönnau and Rüdiger Dillmann and J. Marius Zöllner, 2018

Marc Rene Zofka and Marc Essinger and Tobias Fleck and Ralf Kohlhaas and Johann Marius Zöllner, 2018

Salscheider, Niels Ole and Lauer, Martin, 2018

Jan Sürmeli and Stefan Jähnichen and Jeff W. Sanders, Springer, 2018

P. Zehnder and D. Riemer, 2018

D. Riemer, 2018

Mengelkamp, Esther and Gärttner, Johannes and Weinhardt, Christof, 2018

Mengelkamp, Esther and Weinhardt, Christof, 2018

Mengelkamp, Esther and Gärttner, Johannes and Weinhardt, Christof, 2018

Mengelkamp, Esther and Huber, Julian and Staudt, Philipp and Gärttner, Johannes and Weinhardt, Christof, 2018

Tieck, J Camilo Vasquez and Steffen, Lea and Kaiser, Jacques and Reichard, Daniel and Roennau, Arne and Dillmann, Rüdiger, 2018

Tieck, Juan Camilo Vasquez and Pogan\vci\'c, Marin Vlastelica and Kaiser, Jacques and Roennau, Arne and Gewaltig, Marc-oliver and Dillmann, Rüdiger, 2018

Kaiser, Jacques and Melbaum, Svenja and Tieck, J Camilo Vasquez and Roennau, Arne and Butz, Martin V and Dillmann, Rudiger, 2018

Kaiser, Jacques and Weinland, Jakob and Keller, Philip and Steffen, Lea and Tieck, J Camilo Vasquez and Reichard, Daniel and Roennau, Arne and Conradt, Jörg and Dillmann, Rüdiger, 2018

Tieck, J. Camilo Vasquez and Weber, Sandro and Stewart, Terrence C and Roennau, Arne and Dillmann, Rüdiger, 2018

Bitterwolf, Julian and Rusak, Evgenia and Reiter, Sebastian and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver, 2018

Mahmoodi, Yasamin and Reiter, Sebastian and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, 2018

Ahari, Ali and Novacek, Jan and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, 2018

Rusak, Evgenia and Bitterwolf, Julian and Reiter, Sebastian and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver, 2018

Fabian Poggenhans, Jan-Hendrik Pauls, Johannes Janosovits, Stefan Orf, Maximilian Naumann, Florian Kuhnt, Matthias Mayr, 2018

Förderer, Kevin and Ahrens, Mischa and Bao, Kaibin and Mauser, Ingo and Schmeck, Hartmut, ACM, 2018

Volk, Katharina and Lakenbrink, Christian and Hatje, Nina and Stolle, Peter and Sivorotka, Filippos and Förderer, Kevin, 2018

Tristan Schnell, Timothée Büttner, Lennart Puck, Carsten Plasberg, Georg Heppner, Arne Rönnau und Rüdiger Dillmann, 2018

David Wölfle, 2018

Huber, Julian and Schaule, Elisabeth and Jung, Dominik, 2018

Huber, Julian and Jung, Dominik, 2018

Huber, Julian and Klempp, Nikolai and Weinhardt, Christof and Hufendiek, Kai, 2018

Tieck, J Camilo Vasquez and Steffen, Lea and Kaiser, Jacques and Roennau, Arne and Dillmann, Rüdiger, 2018

Tieck, J Camilo Vasquez and Steffen, Lea and Kaiser, Jacques and Roennau, Arne and Dillmann, Rüdiger, 2018

M. R. Zofka and S. Ulbrich and D. Karl and T. Fleck and R. Kohlhaas and A. Rönnau and R. Dillmann and J. M. Zöllner, 2018

In order to verify and validate autonomous vehicles, testbeds integrating the whole system from perception to actuation are necessary. Above all, this applies to the assessment of the autonomous vehicle's performance in the presence of vulnerable road users' behavior: While experiments for the interaction between autonomous vehicles and pedestrians in critical traffic scenarios are hardly conductable in reality, virtual experiments often suffer from plausibility. In order to solve this issue, we present a mixed reality testbed for the verification and validation of autonomous vehicles faced with realistic road user behavior in critical, worst case traffic scenarios. We achieve this by registering an immersed pedestrian and the automated driving function within a common environment model, providing challenging traffic scenarios. The testbed is applicable within different integration levels of the automated driving function and enables a high level of behavioral realism. The testbed is evaluated qualitatively and discussed within a concrete use case.

Levina, Olga, SCITEPRESS, 2018

Lemmer, Markus and Köpf, Florian and Schwab, Stefan and Flad, Michael and Hohmann, Soeren, 2018, in review

Iris Heckmann, 2017

The literature on supply chain risk analysis is mostly of anecdotal or case-based nature and only few authors present empirical research. Quantitative, systematic and reliable analyses are scarce. Mathematical optimization approaches focus on a small number of variables and, therefore, are less suitable to model numerous interacting characteristics, which prevail in nowadays supply chain systems. Additionally, supply chain risk definitions are scarce and neglect the need for quantitative assessment. Instead, simulation is more appropriate as a method to model and analyze complex systems. In this talk we present our definition of supply chain risk (Heckmann et al. 2015) and a simulation-based approach for the analysis of supply chain risk. The main goal of the presented simulation model is to provide the user with valid and credible implications on the dynamics that drive the underlying supply chain and that potentially make supply chain risk effective when disturbances occur. In order to demonstrate the operationalization of the newly derived supply chain risk definition by the simulation approach we introduce and present risk-curves. For the sake of conceptual and methodological consistency the approach models and respects the defining entities of supply chain risk.

Johannes Bach, Marc Holzäpfel, Stefan Otten, Eric Sax, 2017

Enhanced technological capabilities render the application of various, increasingly complex, functional concepts for automated driving pos-sible. In the process, the significance of automotive software for a satisfactory driving experience is growing. To benefit from these new opportunities, thorough assessment in early development stages is highly important. It enables manufacturers to focus resources on the most promising concepts. For early assessment, a common approach is to set up vehicles with additional prototyping hardware and per-form real world testing. While this approach is essential to assess the look-and-feel of newly developed concepts, its drawbacks are re-duced reproducibility and high expenses to achieve a sufficient and balanced sample. To overcome these drawbacks, new flexible, realis-tic and preferably automated virtual test methods to complement real world verification and validation are especially required during early development phases. In this contribution, we present a method for au-tomated system assessments based on the reuse of recorded driving data in closed-loop simulation and its application in early develop-ment of a predictive cruise control system. Firstly, we identify the re-quirements for early assessment of closed-loop system concepts, ana-lyze the eligibility of established methods regarding the identified re-quirements and describe open challenges for development of automo-tive software systems with focus on early development stages. Our previously introduced Reactive-Replay approach addresses these challenges by enabling reuse of recorded driving data in closed-loop simulation. We complement this approach by introducing automated assessments for evaluation of software increments. By integrating pe-riodic assessments into the development process, we achieve continu-ous tracking of software quality with very small effort. It is shown that the provision of a broad data pool for simulation based evalua-tion of new and refined concepts contributes to a substantial reduc-tion of real world test mileage in early development stages.

Peter Wolf, Christian Hubschneider, Michael Weber, André Bauer, Jonathan Härtl, Fabian Dürr, J. Marius Zöllner, 2017

Florian Piewak and Timo Rehfeld and Michael Weber and J. Marius Zöllner, 2017

Thomas Glock, Stefan Otten, Sebastian Rebmann, Eric Sax, VDI-Verlag, 2017

Die Planung und Konfiguration von heutigen Industrieanlagen sind mit existierenden Vorgehen und Planungswerkzeugen realisierbar. Im zunehmend vernetzten Umfeld und der damit einhergehenden Dezentralisierung von Funktionalitäten im Kontext von Industrie 4.0 bestehen Herausforderungen, die mit vorhandenen Verfahren und Techniken nicht bewältigt werden können. Insbesondere existieren keine Ansätze zur Planung, Analyse und Konfiguration von hybriden Anlagen, die eine Vereinigung von traditionellen und Internet of Things (IoT) Technologien beschreiben können. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept vorgestellt, welches auf Basis von Methoden und Werkzeugen der Automobil-Entwicklung eine durchgängige, modellbasierte Beschreibung von dezentralen Funktionen, deren Verteilung auf Hardware sowie Analyse und Konfiguration unterstützt. Dies ermöglicht erstmals die gesamtheitliche Auslegung und Konzeption von hybriden Netzwerken in Industrieanlagen in frühen Produktentwicklungsphasen. Der Beitrag wird durch eine beispielhafte Anwendung und Validierung des modellbasierten Ansatzes an einem IoT-Demonstrator einer Mehrtankanlage abgerundet.

Johannes Bach, Stefan Otten, Eric Sax, 2017

Technological advances enable realization of increasingly complex customer features in the automotive sector. Traffic jam pilot or predictive energy management depict examples of recently introduced features that span across different conventional vehicle domains. The increased interconnectivity and functional complexity impose new requirements on the automotive systems engineering practice. The resulting challenge is to develop integrated approaches that combine the established procedures with innovative techniques. To address this challenge, we present a comprehensive taxonomy for existing automotive features. Based on this characterization, established industrial and new research approaches for logical system architectures are consolidated. We introduce levels of hierarchy in the logical system architecture to facilitate systems engineering of innovative functions and highly distributed features. The systematic approach provides a novel rationale for the evolution from functional chains to functional networks in the automotive industry.

Johannes Bach, Jacob Langner, Stefan Otten, Marc Holzäpfel, Eric Sax, 2017

Enhanced capabilities of sensors and digital maps for intelligent vehicles lead to a complex and multivariant system environment with a broad variety of situations and traffic scenarios. To assure the feature under development's valid behavior, the sample of scenarios evaluated for Verification & Validation (VV) needs to proof substantial coverage of all possible situations. Currently applied (VV) activities on system-level are in a large part based on real world tests. These are not scalable to sufficiently cover the variant system environment. Our previously introduced Reactive-Replay enables substantial coverage by reuse of recorded real world data in closed-loop simulation. In this contribution we present an approach to determine the relevance of recorded scenarios and derive efficient sets of test scenarios. Our two-step approach starts with a specification-based classification-tree for initial scenario selection. A data-driven reduction of the initial scenario set is achieved by the following analysis of covered parameter spaces. The final consolidated test set avoids repetitive situations while ensuring a significant diversity of the sampled system environment.

Katharina Glock, Anne Meyer, Guido Tack, 2017

Marc Sons, Martin Lauer, Christoph G. Keller, Christoph Stiller, 2017

Marc Sons, Tobias Strauss, Christoph G. Keller, Martin Haueis, Christoph Stiller, 2017

S. Krebs, Th. Gellrich, S. Hohmann, 2017

Julian Rominger, Fabian Kern und Hartmut Schmeck, 2017

Following political strategy changes with the goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the German power system has experienced a great penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources. The volatile electricity generation of renewable energy sources requires greater flexibility not only on the electricity supply but also on the demand side. The ventilation of buildings represents a largely untapped resource for demand response measures such as control reserve. Due to the quick reaction speed and inertia of the air balance of supplied buildings, electric motors of air handling units qualify to provide frequency containment reserve. In this paper we present a system architecture according to standards by the German transmission system operators to provide frequency containment reserve with an aggregate of air handling units. At an industrial site containing workshop and office buildings a prototype of the system has been installed and prequalified by the transmission system operators to provide almost 300 kW of frequency containment reserve.

Jacques Kaiser and David Zimmerer and J. Camilo Vasquez Tieck and Stefan Ulbrich and Arne Roennau and Rüdiger Dillmann, 2017

Timon Blöcher; Johannes Schneider; Markus Schinle; Wilhelm Stork, 2017

In this work an online method for camera-based heart rate detection, also known as Photoplethysmography Imaging (PPGI), is presented. The pulse related signal is obtained from RGB videos of the human face, using an off the shelf camera under ambient light conditions. The algorithm for heart rate estimation is based on the beat-to-beat analysis of the PPGI signal, allowing the estimation of psychophysiological parameters like the heart rate variability. The system is tested indoors under laboratory conditions, and in field trials integrated in a car. Field tests are done as a step towards robust appraisal of psycho-physiological driver states. In measurements with eight subjects, a sensitivity of ~93% for pulse peak detection is reached under resting and constant light conditions. First test drives show good results for heart rate estimation while driving on highways outside of city traffic. The results indicate that PPGI can be a suitable solution for providing vital sign information of drivers in cars.

Timon Bloecher, Leyre Garralda Iriarte, Johannes Schneider, Christoph Zimmermann, Wilhelm Stork:, 2017

The use of image based liveness detection systems has experienced an enormous growth of interest in recent years. The most accurate techniques in literature addressing this topic rely on the verification of the actual three-dimensionality of the face, which increases the complexity and the costs of the system. In this work, we propose an effective and low-cost face spoofing detector program for a PPGI-based vital signal monitoring application. Starting from a set of automatically located facial feature points, the movement information of this set of points was obtained. Based on a time series analysis of the landmark positions, life signs have been exploited to develop a system being able to recognize false detections and anti-spoofing attacks. To verify the performance, experiments on three different benchmark datasets, namely, CASIA face anti-spoofing, MSU and IDIAP Replay-Attack databases were made. The evaluation of the proposed low-cost approach showed good results (accuracy of ~85-95%) compared to more resource-intensive state-of-the-art methods.

Johannes Bach, Jacob Langner, Stefan Otten, Marc Holzäpfel and Eric Sax, 2017

Enhanced capabilities of sensors and digital maps for intelligent vehicles lead to a complex and multivariant system environment with a broad variety of situations and traffic scenarios. To assure the feature under development's valid behavior, the sample of scenarios evaluated for Verification & Validation (VV) needs to proof substantial coverage of all possible situations. Currently applied (VV) activities on system-level are in a large part based on real world tests. These are not scalable to sufficiently cover the variant system environment. Our previously introduced Reactive-Replay enables substantial coverage by reuse of recorded real world data in closed-loop simulation. In this contribution we present an approach to determine the relevance of recorded scenarios and derive efficient sets of test scenarios. Our two-step approach starts with a specification-based classification-tree for initial scenario selection. A data-driven reduction of the initial scenario set is achieved by the following analysis of covered parameter spaces. The final consolidated test set avoids repetitive situations while ensuring a significant diversity of the sampled system environment.

Christoph Zimmermann, Jennifer Zeilfelder, Timon Blöcher, Matthias Diehl, Stephan Essig, Wilhelm Stork, 2017

Björn Sillmann, Thomas Glock, Eric Sax, EAEC2017 - 15th European Automotive Congress, 2017

As a result of more powerful communication technologies, individual systems are increasingly connected to System of Systems (SoS). In the automotive industry the SoS consists, among others, of the connected car, information technology (IT) backend systems and smart homes. Common characteristics of such systems are the autonomy of the constituent systems and the evolutionary development of the overall system with their distributed functionality. These lead to a rising complexity and increasing development risks over time. Therefore this is one of the biggest challenges in the automotive industry. Accordingly, there is a demand for the support of an efficient evolutionary development. This paper presents a methodological concept for supporting the evolutionary development of SoS. The main focus is on achieving a general system understanding. Therefore a continuous model of the SoS is introduced. This fosters the consideration of the current SoS for the development of new connected services and the reuse of existing services. In conclusion, this builds the basis for a more efficient development of new connected services.

Johannes Bach, Jacob Langner, Stefan Otten, Marc Holzäpfel and Eric Sax, 2017

Established methods and processes in the field of Automotive Systems Engineering (ASE) are challenged by the rising complexity of current features. Expanding system boundaries, tighter interconnections of functional elements, increasingly complex algorithms and an ever growing operational domain generate a multitude of different scenarios that require consideration during specification, design, implementation and testing. This paper reflects the current practice on the example of the Automotive SPICE process reference for system and software development in the automotive domain. It then contemplates on opportunities of consistent usage of recorded vehicle data throughout all phases of automotive development. Our concept of data-driven development is not intended to replace the current practice but to complement it. A summary of our previous work demonstrates the practicability of the concept on the basis of the development of a Predictive Cruise Control (PCC) feature. The contribution concludes with a scalable concept for the large scale application of data-driven development in ASE.

Christian King, Johannes Bach, Stefan Otten, Eric Sax, 2017

Johannes Bach, Jacob Langner, Stefan Otten, Marc Holzäpfel, Eric Sax, 2017

Enhanced capabilities of sensors and digital maps for intelligent vehicles lead to a complex and multivariant system environment with a broad variety of situations and traffic scenarios. To assure the feature under development's valid behavior, the sample of scenarios evaluated for Verification & Validation (VV) needs to proof substantial coverage of all possible situations. Currently applied (VV) activities on system-level are in a large part based on real world tests. These are not scalable to sufficiently cover the variant system environment. Our previously introduced Reactive-Replay enables substantial coverage by reuse of recorded real world data in closed-loop simulation. In this contribution we present an approach to determine the relevance of recorded scenarios and derive efficient sets of test scenarios. Our two-step approach starts with a specification-based classification-tree for initial scenario selection. A data-driven reduction of the initial scenario set is achieved by the following analysis of covered parameter spaces. The final consolidated test set avoids repetitive situations while ensuring a significant diversity of the sampled system environment.

Johannes Bach, Jacob Langner, Stefan Otten, Marc Holzäpfel, Eric Sax, 2017

Established methods and processes in the field of Automotive Systems Engineering (ASE) are challenged by the rising complexity of current features. Expanding system boundaries, tighter interconnections of functional elements, increasingly complex algorithms and an ever growing operational domain generate a multitude of different scenarios that require consideration during specification, design, implementation and testing. This paper reflects the current practice on the example of the Automotive SPICE process reference for system and software development in the automotive domain. It then contemplates on opportunities of consistent usage of recorded vehicle data throughout all phases of automotive development. Our concept of data-driven development is not intended to replace the current practice but to complement it. A summary of our previous work demonstrates the practicability of the concept on the basis of the development of a Predictive Cruise Control (PCC) feature. The contribution concludes with a scalable concept for the large scale application of data-driven development in ASE.

Timon Bloecher, Leyre Garralda Iriarte, Johannes Schneider, Christoph Zimmermann, Wilhelm Stork:, 2017

C. Zimmermann, J. Zeilfelder, T. Blöcher, M. Diehl, S. Essig, Wilhelm Stork, 2017

Jacob Langner, Johannes Bach, Stefan Otten, Carl Esselborn, Marc Holzäpfel, Michael Eckert and Eric Sax, 2017

The increasing complexity and interconnectivity of automotive features raises the significance of comprehensive verification and validation activities. High-level automotive features use the information provided by complex environmental perception sensors and systems. Due to the rising number of these sensors and the usage of enhanced digital maps, System level verification and validation for high-level features has become a challenge, that is often tackled by a combination of real world tests and simulation approaches. In this contribution we present a method, that combines the realism of real world tests with the scalability of simulation approaches. In the presented framework a feature under development is executed in a Software-in-the-Loop environment with the help of recorded real world driving data. With the steadily growing pool of recorded test drives from test campaigns and country approvals, large scale simulations have been facilitated. This enables statistically significant assertions, continuous maturity tracking as well as geolocation-dependent evaluation of the feature under test. The framework makes these large scale simulations feasible during automotive feature development by utilizing parallelization concepts to achieve simulation speeds of thousands of kilometers within minutes and by reducing adaptation overhead for changes in the feature's software code to a minimum.

Sascha Alpers and Maria Pieper and Manuela Wagner, 2017

Durch zunehmende Vernetzung steigt die Notwendigkeit, Betroffene in der Ausübung ihres Privatsphärenschutzes zu unterstützen. Wenn technische Lösungen dabei in die Integrität urheberrechtlich geschützter Computerprogramme eingreifen oder Geschäftsmodelle „Dienst gegen Daten“ vereiteln, stellt sich die Frage der urheber- und lauterkeitsrechtlichen Bewertung im Spannungsverhältnis zum Selbstdatenschutz. In diesem Beitrag werden die rechtlichen Herausforderungen, auch im Hinblick auf aktuelle Vorschläge der Datenökonomisierung, beleuchtet und mit einem Exkurs zu den Anforderungen der intelligenten Bereitstellung generierter Daten zur Verschleierung persönlicher Informationen abgeschlossen.

Sascha Alpers and Andreas Oberweis and Maria Pieper and Stefanie Betz and Andreas Fritsch and Gunther Schiefer and Manuela Wagner, 2017

Privacy enhancing technologies become increasingly necessary as more and more personal data is collected. Especially, as nowadays everybody is permanently online using different applications and devices, users are often lacking the means to effectively control the access to their private data. Existing approaches provide only isolated solutions for one device and are limited in functionality to control data access. Moreover, existing solutions may not be legally compliant and lack usability, especially for non-experts. Therefore, we present an interdisciplinary approach to manage and distribute privacy settings: PRIVACY-AVARE is intended to enable users to centrally determine their data protection preferences and to apply them globally on different devices (mobiles, tablets, smart homes, cars, ...). In this paper, we present PRIVACY-AVARE by first introducing and discussing main functional and non-functional requirements with a special focus on compliance and usability requirements. Based on this discussion, we then develop a conceptual solution. Finally, we discuss the limitations of our approach and give an outlook.

David Wölfle, 2017

David Wölfle, 2017

At AWEC2015 an approach has been presented to estimate the potential power yield of airborne wind energy (AWE) systems over larger areas [1]. This approach has been demonstrated for an Enerkíte EK200 system. It has been shown thereby that the potential power yield may depend on certain AWE specific factors, like minimum wind speed for departure, the optimal operational height or de-icing measures of the airborne system. The presented results have only covered a two-year period, 2012 and 2013, due to the limited availability of high resolution meteorological input data. However, it is known from wind resource estimation for conventional wind power plants that coverage of a decade, better 30 years or more, is required for a power predication. This is as the average wind speed and wind speed distribution vary significantly from year to year. To achieve this long-term wind resource estimation for AWE, a technique commonly referred to as MeasureCorrelate-Predict (MCP) has been applied, which is state of the art for conventional wind turbines. Thereby the MERRA2 meteorological reanalysis dataset, which covers 1980 till today, has been employed as long-term reference. The year 2012 of the already presented wind resource estimation for AWE has been used as training data, while 2013 has been kept back as independent evaluation dataset. Transfer functions between the long-term reference values for 2012 and training data have been computed for potential power yield, as well as for the power not produced due to unmet starting conditions and deicing measures. By application of the transfer functions on the full time span covered by MERRA2 virtual longterm data has been computed. The quality of the longterm data has been evaluated by comparing the virtual long-term data of 2013 with the evaluation dataset. This presentation will cover a review of 2015’s results and methods, an introduction to the MCP method as well as the used transfer functions. The long-term results for potential power yield and power not produced due to unmet starting conditions and de-icing measures will be shown and compared to the equivalent measures generated from the two-year period. Finally, the quality of the long-term data will be discussed. References: [1] Brandt, D., et al.: Adapting wind resource estimation for airborne wind energy converters. In: Proceedings of the 6th Airborne Wind Energy Conference, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, 15-16 June 2015. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cfc030a3- d6d1-4baf-99b3-d89e5fa8aefc

Kloker, S.; Straub, T.; Zentek, T.; Weinhardt, C., 2017

Bodo Bernsdorf, Julian Bruns, Katharina Glock, 2017

Katharina Glock, Anne Meyer, Guido Tack, 2017

Peric, Igor and Hangu, Robert and Kaiser, Jacques and Ulbrich, Stefan and Roennau, Arne and Zöllner, J and Dillmann, Rüdiger, 2017

Adam Himmelsbach, Sebastian Reiter, Alexander Viehl, Oliver Bringman, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2017

Suad Sejdovic, Sven Euting, Dominik Riemer, York Sure-Vetter, ACM, 2017

C. Zimmermann, J. Zeilfelder, T. Blöcher, M. Diehl, S. Essig, Wilhelm Stork, 2017

Schwab, Stefan and Stark, Oliver and Hohmann, Soeren, 2017

Alpers, Sascha; Oberweis, Andreas; Pieper, Maria, Betz, Stefanie; Fritsch, Andreas; Schiefer, Gunther; Wagner, Manuela, 2017

Silvia Balaban, Manuela Wagner, 2017

Martin Pouls, Matthias Bender, Jörg Kalcsics, Stefan Nickel, 2017

Many companies employ field representatives to provide services at their customers’ sites on a regular basis. Consider, for instance, the delivery of goods to retailers or regular technical maintenance tasks. In these applications, the entire region under study is subdivided into service territories, with one field representative being responsible for all customers in a territory. At a tactical planning level, customer visits within each service territory must be scheduled over a given planning horizon. The goal is to determine a valid visit schedule for each customer that meets customer-specific requirements such as visiting rhythms. In addition, the schedule must achieve a balanced daily and weekly workload. Lastly, compactness is important, as field representatives need to travel to their customers, and thus visits on the same day should be geographically concentrated. In this talk we present a column generation formulation of the resulting scheduling problem and propose an exact branch-and-price algorithm. Our method incorporates specialized acceleration techniques, such as a fast pricing heuristic and a symmetry handling strategy. The latter aims to reduce the symmetry inherent to the model by fixing variables and thereby eliminating symmetric solutions from the search tree. We perform extensive experiments on test instances based on realworld data in order to evaluate the different algorithmic components, such as branching variable selection and symmetry handling. Compared to the commercial general purpose mixed integer programming solver Gurobi, our algorithm achieves a significant speedup and is able to solve instances with up to 55 customers and a planning horizon of 4 weeks to optimality in a reasonable running time.

Felix Brandt, 2017

Felix Brandt, 2017

Kloker, Simon and Straub, Tim and Weinhardt, Christof, 2017

Hawlitschek, Florian and Kranz, Tobias T and Elsner, Daniel and Fritz, Felix and Mense, Constantin and Müller, Marius B and Straub, Tim, 2017

Juelg, Christian and Hermann, Andreas and Roennau, Arne and Dillmann, Ruediger, 2017

This paper demonstrates the fitness of massively parallel exact Euclidean distance transform (EDT) computation for fast 3D online motion planning with potential field and wavefront planners. We combine point-cloud sensor data to gather detailed 3D voxel maps of complex environments. Unlike other approaches, we do not use 3D polygon meshes or reduce the environment to 2D or 2.5D models to improve planning times. The evaluation shows that fast sub-second local and global planning times on the basis of GPU EDT are possible.

Kevin Laubis, Viliam Simko, Alexander Schuller and Christof Weinhardt, 2017

Wagenknecht, Thomas and Crommelinck, Jan and Teubner, Timm and Weinhardt, Christof, 2017

Wagenknecht, Thomas and Crommelinck, Jan and Teubner, Timm and Weinhardt, Christof, 2017

Salscheider, Niels Ole and Rehder, Eike and Lauer, Martin, 2017

Maximilian Naumann and Piotr Orzechowski and Christoph Burger and Ömer Sahin Tas and Christoph Stiller, ITS automotive nord e.V., 2017

Johannes Bach and Marc Holzäpfel and Stefan Otten and Eric Sax, SAE International, 2017

AbstractEnhanced technological capabilities render the application of various, increasingly complex, functional concepts for automated driving possible. In the process, the significance of automotive software for a satisfactory driving experience is growing. To benefit from these new opportunities, thorough assessment in early development stages is highly important. It enables manufacturers to focus resources on the most promising concepts. For early assessment, a common approach is to set up vehicles with additional prototyping hardware and perform real world testing. While this approach is essential to assess the look-and-feel of newly developed concepts, its drawbacks are reduced reproducibility and high expenses to achieve a sufficient and balanced sample. To overcome these drawbacks, new flexible, realistic and preferably automated virtual test methods to complement real world verification and validation are especially required during early development phases. In this contribution, we present a method for automated system assessments based on the reuse of recorded driving data in closed-loop simulation and its application in early development of a predictive cruise control system. Firstly, we identify the requirements for early assessment of closed-loop system concepts, analyze the eligibility of established methods regarding the identified requirements and describe open challenges for development of automotive software systems with focus on early development stages. Our previously introduced Reactive-Replay approach addresses these challenges by enabling reuse of recorded driving data in closed-loop simulation. We complement this approach by introducing automated assessments for evaluation of software increments. By integrating periodic assessments into the development process, we achieve continuous tracking of software quality with very small effort. It is shown that the provision of a broad data pool for simulation based evaluation of new and refined concepts contributes to a substantial reduction of real world test mileage in early development stages.

M. Schinle, J. Schneider, T. Blöcher, J. Zimmermann, S. Chiriac und W. Stork , 2017

European market size for smart home systems is expected to grow by 20% to over 4.3 billion USD by 2017. This growth is mainly due to the development of luxury and premium markets towards a mass market. In 2014, more than one billion mobile devices with Google’s operating system Android were sold, which resulted in a market share of more than 80%. Thus, mobile devices have already reached the mass market. The main idea behind this work is the reuse of mobile devices as smart home systems to reduce market entry barrier for end users and to contribute to a more holistic use of mobile devices. Therefore, we developed a modular architecture concept for smart home systems based on Android devices. In order to ensure the usefulness of this concept, the characteristics of existing systems and the potential of mobile devices were taken into account. Our primary goal was the development of a generic software architecture for various smart home applications. Therefore, we present a plugin framework concept that allows modular system design. Our framework is implemented by using components without modifying the Android operating system itself.

Bach, Johannes, Otten, Stefan, Sax, Eric, 2017

J. Schneider and M. Schroth and M. Holzhey and T. Bloecher and W. Stork, 2017

M. Mohr and C. Tradowsky, 2017

To improve scalability, some many-core architectures abandon global cache coherence, but still provide a shared address space. Partitioning the shared memory and communicating via messages is a safe way of programming such machines. However, accessing pointered data structures from a foreign memory partition is expensive due to the required serialization. In this paper, we propose a novel data transfer technique that avoids serialization overhead for pointered data structures by managing cache coherence in software at object granularity. We show that for PGAS programming languages, the compiler and runtime system can completely handle the necessary cache management, thus requiring no changes to application code. Moreover, we explain how cache operations working on address ranges complement our data transfer technique. We propose a novel non-blocking implementation of range-based cache operations by offloading them to an enhanced cache controller. We evaluate our approach on a non-cache-coherent many-core architecture using a distributed-kernel benchmark suite and demonstrate a reduction of communication time of up to 39.8%.

Hanno Winter and Volker Willert and Jürgen Adamy and Michael Leining and Max Spindler and Martin Lauer and Denis Stein and Oliver Heirich and Jörn Groos and Arne Geffert and Uwe Becker and Michael Breuer, 2017

Jan Novacek, Alexander Viehl, Oliver Bringmann, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2017

This paper presents an ontology-supported approach to tackle the complexity of the Robustness Validation (RV) process of automotive electrical/electronic (E/E) components. The approach uses formalized knowledge from the RV process and stress, operating, and load profiles, so-called Mission Profiles (MPs). In contrast to the error-prone industrially established manual procedure, we show how component characteristics are formalized in OWL in order to form the foundation of an efficient automated analysis selection and decision support during the RV process. The proposed approach is based on the idea of mapping MPs to an OWL representation so to allow to perform semantic queries against MP data to improve their integration into the RV process. The resulting ontology-supported application framework has been applied to an industrial use-case from automotive power electronics. We present experimental results showing that the RV process can be significantly improved in terms of reduced design time and increased exhaustiveness by automating the analyses selection step and the provisioning of all the relevant data to be used.

Sascha Wirges, Björn Roxin, Eike Rehder, Tilman Kühner and Martin Lauer, 2017

Wagenknecht, T.; Teubner, T.; Weinhardt, C., 2017

Wagenknecht, Thomas; Levina, Olga; Weinhardt, Christof, 2017

Wagenknecht, Thomas; Levina, Olga; Weinhardt, Christof, 2017

Sebastian Messmer and Jochen Rill and Dirk Achenbach and Jörn Müller-Quade, 2017

J. Schneider and M. Schroth and M. Holzhey and T. Blöcher and W. Stork, 2017

The growing market of wearable devices made ambulant vital sign monitoring popular in recent years. Impedance plethysmography (IPG) provides a promising low power solution for detecting pulse waves and respiration by measuring the impedance of blood vessels at the wrist. However, the measurement principle makes high demands on the analog front end, due to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and unknown measurement conditions. In this paper an approach to apply impedance plethysmography is presented. The proposed circuit is based on the impedance measurement IC AD5933 and an adaptive feedback control to regulate current injection and measuring amplification in order to adjust the optimal operating point. Experimental studies demonstrate the potential of the system as promising technology for continuous vital sign monitoring on the wrist.

T. Blöcher, J. Schneider, M. Schinle und W. Stork, 2017

In this work an online method for camera-based heart rate detection, also known as Photoplethysmography Imaging (PPGI), is presented. The pulse related signal is obtained from RGB videos of the human face, using an off the shelf camera under ambient light conditions. The algorithm for heart rate estimation is based on the beat-to-beat analysis of the PPGI signal, allowing the estimation of psychophysiological parameters like the heart rate variability. The system is tested indoors under laboratory conditions, and in field trials integrated in a car. Field tests are done as a step towards robust appraisal of psycho-physiological driver states. In measurements with eight subjects, a sensitivity of ~93% for pulse peak detection is reached under resting and constant light conditions. First test drives show good results for heart rate estimation while driving on highways outside of city traffic. The results indicate that PPGI can be a suitable solution for providing vital sign information of drivers in cars.

Timothee Buettner, Arne Roennau, Georg Heppner and Ruediger Dillmann, 2017

Walking robots are designed to cope with di?cult, challenging terrain. There-fore, developers have to take special care not to damage or break their robots legs in such environments. The shoulder joints are especially su?ering from high stress values. This work presents a concept for a robust, modular shoul-der design for bio-inspired hexapods. It was evaluated and is being used for the current version of the walking robot LAURON V.

Felix Mauch and Arne Roennau and Georg Heppner and Timothee Buettner and Ru?diger Dillmann, 2017

Stefan Otten, Johannes Bach, Christopher Wohlfahrt, Christian King, Jan Lier, Hermann Schmid, Stefan Schmerler, Eric Sax, Springer International Publishing, 2017

Within the last decade, several innovations in the automotive domain were introduced in the field of driver-assistance systems (DAS). As technology rapidly advances toward automated driving this trend further continues, integrating more intelligent, interconnected, and complex functionality. This results in a constantly expanding space of system states that need to be validated and verified. Approaches for virtualization of test drives such as X-in-the-loop (XiL) are in focus of current research and development. In this contribution, we introduce a concept for automated quality assessment within a randomized digital test drive. Our aim is to analyze and assess the continuous behavior of automotive systems during multiple realistic traffic scenarios within a simulated environment. Therefore an analysis and comparison of current test approaches and their verification and validation goals are conducted. These results are utilized to derive requirements and constraints for an automated assessment. In comparison to established systematic test approaches, our concept based on a continuous assessment of the entire test drive constituting multiple driving scenarios. To consider the continuous behavior and parallel assessment of different functionality, a distinction between activation conditions and test conditions is conducted. Additionally, the hierarchization of conditions allows identification and evaluation on different abstraction levels. We include general assessments in addition to system and function-specific behavioral assessments. The approach is elaborated on an example use case of an Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system.

King, Christian; Bach, Johannes; Otten, Stefan; Sax, Eric , 2017

P. Zehnder and D. Riemer, 2017

The web of things provides a steadily increasing amount of both real-time and historic data sources. Yet widespread standards are missing and the heterogeneity of data formats and communication protocols makes the integration of such sources a challenging task often requiring for manual programming effort. This paper presents a novel, lightweight semantics-based approach to quickly connect heterogeneous data sources to stream processing systems. Our main contributions are i) a new model to represent characteristics of data streams and data sets such as schema and quality independent from the actual run-time format, ii) generic data adapters and methods to automatically discover these characteristics at runtime and iii) a distributed architecture to pre-process (e.g. clean and filter) raw data coming from these adapters directly on the edge before data is processed by a stream processing engine. Our contribution eases the ingestion of batch and real-time data into unified streaming architectures.

Christian King, Johannes Bach, Stefan Otten, Eric Sax, 2017

In den vergangenen Jahren adressierten zahlreiche Innovationen im Automobil den Bereich Fahrerassistenzsysteme. Die Technologien entwickeln sich zunehmend in Richtung automatisiertes Fahren und bringen eine Zunahme an intelligenten, verknüpften und komplexen Funktionen mit sich. Durch die direkte Interaktion des Ego-Fahrzeuges mit anderen Verkehrsteilnehmern entsteht eine Vielzahl neuartiger Fahrsituationen und Szenarien. Daraus resultiert ein konstant wachsender Raum an Systemzuständen und Variationen, der validiert und verifiziert werden muss. Um diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen, wird zunehmend auf Virtualisierung und Simulation von gesetzt. In dieser Veröffentlichung stellen wir einen Ansatz vor, Szenarien innerhalb einer virtuellen Testfahrt zu identifizieren. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf der Abstraktion und Ableitung spezifischer Manöver der einzelnen Fahrzeuge bzw. deren logischen Zusammenhänge in einem komplexen Szenario. Der Ansatz ermöglicht eine Analyse und die Bewertung vollständiger virtueller Testfahrten anhand der erlebten Szenarien. Zusätzlich können Aussagen in Bezug auf die Abdeckung des Systemraumes innerhalb einer virtuellen Testfahrt getroffen werden.

King, Christian; Bach, Johannes; Otten, Stefan; Sax, Eric, 2017

Hinkel, Georg and Strittmatter, Misha, 2017

As model-driven engineering (MDE) gets applied for the development of larger systems, the quality assurance of model-driven artifacts gets more important. Here, metamodels are particularly important as many other artifacts depend on them. Existing approaches to measure the modularity of metamodels have not been validated for metamodels thoroughly. In this paper, we evaluate the usage of the metrics suggested by Sarkar et al. to automatically measure the modularity of metamodels with the goal of automated quality improvements. For this, we analyze the data from a previous controlled experiment on the perception of metamodel quality with 24 participants, including both students and academic professionals. From the results, we were able to statistically disprove even a slight correlation with perceived metamodel quality.

Achenbach, Dirk and Borcherding, Anne and Löwe, Bernhard and Müller-Quade, Jörn and Rill, Jochen, Springer International Publishing, 2017

Electronic voting machines promise to determine election results more efficiently without sacrificing reliability. Two desirable security properties seem to contradict each other however: First, the voter's choice is to be kept secret at all costs, even from election officers who set up and administrate the election machine. On the other hand, ballot secrecy should not compromise the correctness of the tally.

Thomas Wagenknecht, Olga Levina, Christof Weinhardt, AIS, 2017

Levina, Olga, Shaker, 2017

Pilipchuk, Roman and Seifermann, Stephan and Taspolatoglu, Emre, 2017

Stephan Seifermann and Jörg Henß, CEUR-WS.org, 2017

Seifermann, Stephan and Groenda, Henning, Springer International Publishing, 2017

P. Zehnder and D. Riemer, 2017

Many emerging application areas such as the Internet of Things rely on the usage of Machine Learning (ML) techniques that operate on continuous streaming data in order to automatically generate added business value. However, the integration of ML components into stream processing programs is still a challenging task that requires both technical expertise (e.g., selection of algorithms and parameters) and domain knowledge. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel development methodology and tool support involving multiple roles and tasks that aims to enable domain experts to leverage from ML algorithms within self-service stream processing pipelines. At its core, we introduce the concept of a reusable Machine Learning Pipeline Agent (MLPA). Such an MLPA can be defined by using a developed Domain-Specific Language (DSL) consisting of reusable building blocks. Afterwards, MLPAs can be used by domain experts using a graphical user interface. Our approach is based on distributed, scalable ML algorithms that are automatically deployed and contributes newly developed algorithms such as a scalable version for neural networks operating on data streams. In our evaluation, we show that the developed concepts and algorithms do scale in a distributed setting with an increasing number of nodes. Therefore, our solution bridges the gap between domain experts and technical experts and eases the access for non-technical users to advanced streaming ML analytics.

P. Zehnder and D. Riemer, 2017

In recent years, there has been an increasing need for flexible stream processing platforms that focus on enabling domain experts to model data processing pipelines using graphical user interfaces. Such pipelines can then be automatically deployed and executed in a distributed big data infrastructure. However, a still remaining problem of such stream systems is the manual management of resources, which could be automated by adding an infrastructure manager. The manager uses available information about running pipelines, especially their semantics. This information combined with the real-time information of the underlying services executing pipelines can be used to automate the configuration of modern cluster management tools. With those tools, it is possible to add new resources into the infrastructure of existing systems and to allocate the running application accordingly. This paper presents a novel approach how information about the application and its usage can be used to adapt the infrastructure, which further reduces the manual configuration effort of such systems.

Merkle, Nicole and Zander, Stefan, Springer International Publishing, 2017

For impaired people, the conduction of certain daily life activities is problematic due to motoric and cognitive handicaps. For that reason, assistive agents in ambient assisted environments provide services that aim at supporting elderly and impaired people. However, these agents act in complex stochastic and indeterministic environments where the concrete effects of a performed action are usually unknown at design time. Furthermore, they have to perform varying tasks according to the user's context and needs, wherefore an agent has to be flexible and able to recognize required capabilities in a certain situation in order to provide adequate, unobtrusive assistance. Hence, an expressive representation framework is required that relates user-specific impairments to required agent capabilities. This work presents an approach which (a) describes and links user impairments and capabilities using the formal, model-theoretic semantics expressed in OWL2 DL ontologies, (b) computes optimal policies through Reinforcement Learning and propagates these in an agent network. The presented approach improves the collaborative, personalized and adequate assistance of assistive agents and tailors the agent-based services to the user's missing capabilities.

Nicole Merkle and Stefan Zander, 2017

Hinkel, Georg, CEUR-WS.org, 2017

Hinkel, Georg, CEUR-WS.org, 2017

Georg Hinkel, CEUR-WS.org, 2017

Hinkel, Georg, CEUR-WS.org, 2017

Walter, Jürgen and Stier, Christian and Koziolek, Heiko and Kounev, Samuel, ACM, 2017

Christian Stier and Dominik Werle and Anne Koziolek, Springer International Publishing, 2017

In early design phases and during software evolution, design-time energy efficiency analyses enable software architects to reason on the effect of design decisions on energy efficiency. Energy efficiency analyses rely on accurate power models to estimate power consumption. Deriving power models that are both accurate and usable for design time predictions requires extensive measurements and manual analysis. Existing approaches that aim to automate the extraction of power models focus on the construction of models for runtime estimation of power consumption. Power models constructed by these approaches do not allow users to identify the central set of system metrics that impact energy efficiency prediction accuracy. The identification of these central metrics is important for design time analyses, as an accurate prediction of each metric incurs modeling effort. We propose a methodology for the automated construction of multi-metric power models using systematic experimentation. Our approach enables the automated training and selection of power models for the design time prediction of power consumption. We validate our approach by evaluating the prediction accuracy of derived power models for a set of enterprise and data-intensive application benchmarks.

Christian Stier and Anne Koziolek, 2017

Tobias Hoppe and Harald Eisenmann and Alexander Viehl and Oliver Bringmann, 2017

Tobias Hoppe and Harald Eisenmann and Alexander Viehl and Oliver Bringmann, 2017

Jan Novacek and Alexander Viehl and Oliver Bringmann and Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2017

Sebastian Ottlik and Christoph Gerum and Alexander Viehl and Wolfgang Rosenstiel and Oliver Bringmann, 2017

Sebastian Reiter and Marc Zeller and Kai Höfig and Alexander Viehl and Oliver Bringmann and Wolfgang Rosenstiel, 2017

Ottlik, Sebastian and Gerum, Christoph and Viehl, Alexander and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang and Bringmann, Oliver, 2017

Hoppe, Tobias and Eisenmann, Harald and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver, 2017

Reiter, Sebastian and Zeller, Marc and Höfig, Kai and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, 2017

Hoppe, Tobias and Eisenmann, Harald and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver, 2017

Hoppe, Tobias and Eisenmann, Harald and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver, 2017

Hoppe, Tobias and Eisenmann, Harald and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver, 2017

J. Mangler and F. Mauch and A. Roennau and R. Dillmann, 2017

Christian Hubschneider and André Bauer and Michael Weber and J. Marius Zöllner, 2017

Navigation and obstacle avoidance are two problems that are not easily incorporated into direct control of autonomous vehicles solely based on visual input. However, they are required if lane following given proper lane markings is not enough to incorporate trained systems into larger architectures. This paper presents a method to allow for obstacle avoidance while driving using a single, front-facing camera as well as navigation capabilities such as taking turns at junctions and lane changes by feeding turn indicator signals into a Convolutional Neural Network. Both situations share the difficulty intrinsic to single camera setups of limited field of views. This problem is handled by using a spatial history of input images to extend the field of view regarding static obstacles. The trained model named DriveNet is evaluated in real world driving scenarios, using the same model for lateral vehicle control to both dynamically drive around obstacles as well as perform lane changing and turning in intersections.

Christian Hubschneider and André Bauer and Jens Doll and Michael Weber and Sebastian Klemm and Florian Kuhnt and J. Marius Zöllner, 2017

In this paper, we propose an integrated approach of combining end-to-end learned trajectory proposals with a probabilistic sampling based planning algorithm for autonomous driving. A convolutional neural network is trained based on monocular image data to predict prospective steering angles. By using a local history of image data, we achieve an implicit spatial representation of parking cars or other obstacles commonly found in urban and residential areas. Through this local history, calculated using the vehicle's velocity data, the trajectory proposals are not only capable of lane following, but also comfortably circumnavigate obstacles. Training data is collected by recording video data and the vehicles CAN bus during human driving, thus imitating human behavior. The integration of end-to-end learning into a modularized architecture allows for additional safety constraints and complementary sensor information to be combined with intuitive steering. Our first results take a promising step towards general architectures for autonomous vehicles that combine deep learning with factorized probabilistic modeling.

P. Wolf and C. Hubschneider and M. Weber and A. Bauer and J. Härtl and F. Dürr and J. M. Zöllner, 2017

S. Scherzinger and A. Roennau and R. Dillmann, 2017

M. Grosse Besselmann and A. Roennau and R. Dillmann, 2017

M. Weber, C. Rist, J. M. Zöllner, 2017

S. Bittel, T. Rehfeld, M. Weber and J. M. Zöllner, 2017

C. Hubschneider, A. Bauer, J. Doll, M. Weber, F. Kuhnt and J. M. Zöllner, 2017

C. Hubschneider, A. Bauer, M. Weber and J. M. Zöllner, 2017

T. Buettner and A. Roennau and G. Heppner and R. Dillmann, 2017

G. Heppner and A. Roennau and R. Dillmann, 2017

F. Mauch and A. Roennau and G. Heppner and T. Buettner and R. Dillmann, 2017

Tas, \"Omer Sahin and Hörmann, Stefan and Schäufele, Bernd and Kuhnt, Florian, 2017

C. Juelg and A. Hermann and A. Roennau and R. Dillmann, 2017

Kaiser, Jacques and Zimmerer, David and Tieck, J. Camilo Vasquez and Ulbrich, Stefan and Roennau, Arne and Dillmann, Rüdiger, Springer International Publishing, 2017

Understanding visual input as perceived by humans is a challenging task for machines. Today, most successful methods work by learning features from static images. Based on classical artificial neural networks, those methods are not adapted to process event streams as provided by the Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS). Recently, an unsupervised learning rule to train Spiking Restricted Boltzmann Machines has been presented [9]. Relying on synaptic plasticity, it can learn features directly from event streams. In this paper, we extend this method by adding convolutions, lateral inhibitions and multiple layers. We evaluate our method on a self-recorded DVS dataset as well as the Poker-DVS dataset. Our results show that our convolutional method performs better and needs less parameters. It also achieves comparable results to previous event-based classification methods while learning features in an unsupervised fashion.

Igor Peric and Alexandru Lesi and Daniel Spies and Stefan Ulbrich and Arne Roennau and Marius Zoellner and Ruediger Dillmann, 2017

I. Peric and F. Schneider and C. H. Price and S. Ulbrich and A. Roennau and M. Zoellner and R. Dillmann, 2017

A. Roennau, 2017

Tieck, J. Camilo Vasquez and Donat, Heiko and Kaiser, Jacques and Peric, Igor and Ulbrich, Stefan and Roennau, Arne and Zöllner, Marius and Dillmann, Rüdiger, Springer International Publishing, 2017

Representation and execution of movement in biology is an active field of research relevant to neurorobotics. Humans can remember grasp motions and modify them during execution based on the shape and the intended interaction with objects. We present a hierarchical spiking neural network with a biologically inspired architecture for representing different grasp motions. We demonstrate the ability of our network to learn from human demonstration using synaptic plasticity on two different exemplary grasp types (pinch and cylinder). We evaluate the performance of the network in simulation and on a real anthropomorphic robotic hand. The network exposes the ability of learning finger coordination and synergies between joints that can be used for grasping.

S. Ulbrich and T. Steward and I. Peri? and A. Roennau and J. M. Zöllner and R. Dillmann, 2017

Christoph Burger, Piotr Orzechowski, Ömer Sahin Tas, Christoph Stiller., 2017

Ömer Sahin Tas, Stefan Hörmann, Bernd Schäufele, Florian Kuhnt., 2017

Jannik Quehl, Haohao Hu, Ömer Sahin Tas, Eike Rehder, Martin Lauer., 2017

Maximilian Naumann, Piotr Orzechowski, Christoph Burger, Ömer Sahin Tas, Christoph Stiller., 2017

Matthias Frank and Natalja Kleiner and Stefan Zander and Thomas Setzer and York Sure-Vetter and Rudi Studer, 2017

Matthias Frank and Stefan Zander, 2017

Frank, Matthias and Zander, Stefan, 2017

Reiter, Sebastian and Zeller, Marc and Höfig, Kai and Viehl, Alexander and Bringmann, Oliver and Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, Springer International Publishing, 2017

The growing complexity of safety-relevant systems causes an increasing effort for safety assurance. The reduction of development costs and time-to-market, while guaranteeing safe operation, is therefore a major challenge. In order to enable efficient safety assessment of complex architectures, we present an approach, which combines deductive safety analyses, in form of Component Fault Trees (CFTs), with an Error Effect Simulation (EES) for sanity checks. The combination reduces the drawbacks of both analyses, such as the subjective failure propagation assumptions in the CFTs or the determination of relevant fault scenarios for the EES. Both CFTs and the EES provide a modular, reusable and compositional safety analysis and are applicable throughout the whole design process. They support continuous model refinement and the reuse of conducted safety analysis and simulation models. Hence, safety goal violations can be identified in early design stages and the reuse of conducted safety analyses reduces the overhead for safety assessment.

Krämer, Marius and Wiener, Patrick and Abecker, Andreas and Nimis, Jens, 2017

Wiener, Patrick and Simko, Viliam and Nimis, Jens, 2017

Müller, Stephan and Wiener, Patrick and Bürger, Adrian and Nimis, Jens, 2017

Schwab, Stefan and Stark, Oliver and Hohmann, Soeren, 2017

Maximilian Naumann and Stiller, Christoph, 2017

P. Zehnder and D. Riemer, 2017

P. Zehnder and D. Riemer, 2017

Sejdovic, Suad and Euting, Sven and Riemer, Dominik and Sure-Vetter, York, ACM, 2017

Mengelkamp, Esther and Staudt, Philipp and Garttner, Johannes and Weinhardt, Christof, 2017

Mengelkamp, Esther and Garttner, Johannes and Weinhardt, Christof, 2017

Kaiser, Jacques and Zimmerer, David and Tieck, J. Camilo Vasquez and Ulbrich, Stefan and Roennau, Arne and Dillmann, Rüdiger, 2017

Kaiser, Jacques and Tieck, J. Camilo Vasquez and Hubschneider, Christian and Wolf, Peter and Weber, Michael and Hoff, Michael and Friedrich, Alexander and Wojtasik, Konrad and Roennau, Arne and Kohlhaas, Ralf and Others and D, 2017

Wachtel, Alexander and Klamroth, Jonas and Tichy, Walter F., 2017

In this paper, we present the idea to use natural language as the user interface for programming tasks. Programming languages assist with repetitive tasks that involve the use of conditionals, loops and statements. This is what is often challenging users. However, users can easily describe tasks in their natural language. We aim to develop a Natural Language User Interface that enables users to describe algorithms, including statements, loops, and conditionals. For this, we extend our current spreadsheet system to support control flows. An evaluation shows that users solved more than 60\% of tasks. Although far from perfect, this research might lead to fundamental changes in computer use. With natural language, programming would become available to everyone. We believe that it is a reasonable approach for end user software engineering and will therefore overcome the present bottleneck of IT proficients. Keywords\textendashNatural Language Processing; End User Development; Natural Language Interfaces; Human Computer Interaction; Programming In Natural Language; Dialog Systems.

Tobias Käfer, Alexandra Wins, Maribel Acosta, CEUR-WS, 2017

Lei Zhang and Maribel Acosta and Michael Färber and Steffen Thoma and Achim Rettinger, CEUR-WS.org, 2017

Steffen Thoma and Achim Rettinger and Fabian Both, Springer, 2017

Fabian Both and Steffen Thoma and Achim Rettinger, ACM, 2017

Andreas Thalhammer and Steffen Thoma and Andreas Harth and Rudi Studer, ACM, 2017

Sebastian Ottlik and Christoph Gerum and Alexander Viehl and Wolfgang Rosenstiel and Oliver Bringmann, 2017

We present a novel technique for efficient source level timing simulation of embedded software execution on a target platform. In contrast to existing approaches, the proposed technique can accurately approximate time without requiring a dynamic cache model. Thereby the dramatic reduction in simulation performance inherent to dynamic cache modeling is avoided. Consequently, our approach enables an exploitation of the performance potential of source level simulation for complex microarchitectures that include caches. Our approach is based on recent advances in context-sensitive binary level timing simulation. However, a direct application of the binary level approach to source level simulation reduces simulation performance similarly to dynamic cache modeling. To overcome this performance limitation, we contribute a novel pushdown automaton based simulation technique. The proposed contextsensitive timing automata enable an efficient evaluation of complex simulation logic with little overhead. Experimental results show that the proposed technique provides a speed up of an order of magnitude compared to existing context selection techniques and simple source level cache models. Simulation performance is similar to a state of the art accelerated cache simulation. The accelerated simulation is only applicable in specific circumstances, whereas the proposed approach does not suffer this limitation.

Patrick Philipp and Achim Rettinger, ACM, 2017

Patrick Philipp and Achim Rettinger and Maria Maleshkova, IEEE, 2017

CEUR-WS.org, 2017

SciTePress, 2017

IEEE, 2017

IEEE Computer Society, 2017

IEEE, 2017

Springer, 2017

Ömer Sahin Tas, Florian Kuhnt, J Marius Zöllner, Christoph Stiller, 2016

Katharina Glock, Anne Meyer, Guido Tack, 2016

In order to provide flexible services for solving vehicle routing problems (VRP), logistics professionals should be enabled to easily adapt the planning tool even without having a background in optimization. Constraint Programming (CP) combines an expressive modelling language and problem-independent search methods, thus making it a promising candidate for a planning engine for such a flexible service. Users can add or remove constraints without having to modify either the core model formulation or the solution methods. Large Neighbourhood Search (LNS) proposed by Shaw (1998) is the most frequently used heuristic for solving VRP in a CP framework. We introduce the basic solution architecture with particular consideration of CP specific features. We furthermore present current research combining LNS and Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS), an algorithm originally proposed for decision making in non-deterministic games that aims at balancing the exploration of a search tree and the exploitation of sub-trees that are likely to contain good solutions. We apply MCTS for constructing the initial solution as well as for solving the sub-problems created by the LNS. Integrated into the CP framework, MCTS provides a robust search algorithm that adjusts itself to the properties of the problem at hand, thus ensuring the flexibility of the search framework. Results are promising with respect to quality and runtime for several problem classes such as the VRP with time windows, the VRP with pickup and delivery, and the periodic VRP with time windows.

Andreas Lauber, Thomas Glock, Eric Sax, Markus Wiedemann, 2016

After returning from the operation, buses are prepared for their next service at the depots of local transportation. The activities done at the depot includes smaller maintenance, inspection activities, and especially refueling and washing and interior cleaning of the vehicles. For the aforementioned activities, the buses are driven by a driver to the various stations at which the individual services are carried out. In addition to the staff employed at the stations drivers are required, which leaves the vehicle after completion of routine work on the overnight parking lots. Within this paper we present a study, which allows an autonomous driving on public transportation depots. The study address measures on the vehicles, the infrastructure of the depots, the safety of persons and vehicles and the legal situation in Germany. The proposed measures were chosen such that a variety of existing depots can be retrofitted for autonomous driving and also requirements and optimizations for future depots can be derived. Furthermore, attention was paid to generalize the proposed measures to facilitate later use outside the depot. Finally, this paper identifies economic impact of the system to the public transportation depot through the implementation of the proposed study. These are analyzations of expected savings that result from autonomous driving inside the depot.

Sascha Alpers and Stefan Hellfeld, 2016

Matthias Flittner, Silvia Balaban, Roland Bless, 2016

Ani Bicaku, Silvia Balaban, Markus Tauber, Aleksandar Hudic, Andreas Mauthe and David Hutchison, 2016

Salah, Florian and Schuller, Alexander and Weinhardt Christof, 2016

Electric vehicles are an important option to enable sustainable individual mobility. In order to leverage this potential, electricity for charging of electric vehicles needs to be provided by local renewable energy sources. Information systems can enable an efficient coordination of demand and supply in this setting. Forecast errors regarding energy generation from these sources are common but can be addressed by temporal flexibility of electric vehicle charging. We use a pricing scheme called deadline differentiated pricing that incentivizes customers to accept job shifting of their charging processes. This approach is applied on a specific use case: A city car park offers charging spots for electric vehicles that is supplied by both a local photovoltaic system and conventionally from the grid. We evaluate the impact of energy generation forecast errors on operator profits based on the formulation of a stochastic mixed-integer optimization problem and empirical mobility and generation data. We show that deadline differentiated pricing is resilient to inaccurate forecasts for photovoltaic energy generation. Deadline differentiated pricing increases profits in all investigated scenarios by at least 8% as compared to a simple pricing approach. Additionally, it can increase the share of charging demand covered by renewable energy by up to 17%.

C. Zimmermann, N. Müller, N. Göpper, J. Zeilfelder, T. Blöcher, F. Gauger, J. Schneider, W. Stork, T. Vetter , S. Jahn und A. Gross, 2016

J. Zeilfelder, F. Mohr, C. Zimmermann, J. Parada, T. Blöcher, J. Schneider, F. Gauger, W. Stork, 2016

Thomas Glock, Matthias Kern, Stefan Otten, Eric Sax, VDI Verlag GmbH, 2016

Die Planung von elektronischen Kabelnetzen, die die elektronische Realisierung der Verfahrensbeschreibung (Rohrleitungs- und Instrumenten Fließschema) in industriellen Prozessanlagen repräsentieren, erfolgt heute weitgehend manuell. Zu diesen Anlagen gehören zum Beispiel Raffinerien, kunststofferzeugende Fabriken und Lebensmittelgewerbe. Die Anforderungen an diese Anlagen sind unterschiedlich und liegen in der Regel nur als Text vor. Um den Aufwand zu reduzieren, die Kosten zu mindern und die Qualität zu erhöhen, sind modellbasierte Ansätze und Methoden, wie sie beispielsweise bereits in der Entwicklung von Elektrik-/Elektronik-Architekturen im Automobil eingesetzt werden, eine realistische Chance. Durchgängigkeit von den Anforderungen zur Realisierung, frühe Fehlerentdeckung und –behebung während der Planung von elektronischen Kabelnetzen sowie die Wiederverwendung von Bibliothekselementen sind das Ziel. So wird in diesem Beitrag dargelegt, wie mit Hilfe von Methoden und Tools der Automobil-Entwicklung neue Methoden für die unterstützende Planung von Industrieanlagen auf Basis der Verfahrensbeschreibung abgeleitet und genutzt werden können. Dabei fokussiert dieser Beitrag eine Methode zur automatisierten Erstellung von elektronischen Kabelnetzen (Vernetzungsarchitekturen) aus der Verfahrensbeschreibung. Ein Beispiel einer Mehrtankanlage, die als ein Bestandteil in Verfahren der Lebensmittelherstellung vorzufinden ist, rundet den Beitrag ab.

Salah, F. and Schuller, A. and Mauerer, M. and Weinhardt, C., 2016

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are a large, but also quite flexible load in the power system. Car parks constitute major future load clusters that need to coordinate charging requests from EVs according to local grid and supply conditions. For effective grid integration, it is necessary to understand how to influence the charging behavior of EV customers. A deadline differentiated pricing approach is employed to create incentives for EV customers to offer their load flexibility to the car park operator. We explore the effect of different utility diversity models and flexibility levels of EV customers in a car park scenario under consideration of local photovoltaic power generation. Our results indicate that a homogeneous customer utility model overestimates the car park operator profits by more than 17\% as compared to a realistic heterogeneous model. Furthermore, we observe that the car park type, and thus the customer parking time also drives the attained profits.

Michael Weber, Peter Wolf, J. Marius Zöllner, 2016

Dücker, J.; Häfner, P.; Ovtcharova, J., 2016

Dücker, J.; Häfner, P.; Ovtcharova, J. , 2016

Dirk Achenbach and Bernhard Löwe and Jörn Müller-Quade and Jochen Rill, 2016

Johannes Bach, Stefan Otten, Eric Sax, 2016

Research and evaluation of algorithms and system architectures for automated driving advanced to a stage where transition from prototyping to series development seems practicable in some extent. While particular systems for environmental perception play a key role in advanced driving assistance systems, we still lack feasible methods for specification and validation of complex driving scenarios. This leads to increased effort in testing and inconsistent requirement definition along different development phases. In this paper we propose a methodology for abstract positional and temporal description of driving scenarios. The approach utilizes a movie related and omniscient view composed of sequential acts. Each act combines both states and interactions of distinct participants as well as the rudimental scenery. Selective events trigger changes in conduct leading to transitions between acts. Graphical visualization provides simple presentation of complex scenarios. Rule sets provide consistency checks and support semi-automated generation of test cases. The presented methodology facilitates model based test specification and requirements design constituting a consistent characterization of system environment from early concept and development to validation.

Johannes Bach, Stefan Otten, Eric Sax, 2016

Research and evaluation of algorithms and system architectures for automated driving advanced to a stage where transition from prototyping to series development seems practicable in some extent. While particular systems for environmental perception play a key role in advanced driving assistance systems, we still lack feasible methods for specification and validation of complex driving scenarios. This leads to increased effort in testing and inconsistent requirement definition along different development phases. In this paper we propose a methodology for abstract positional and temporal description of driving scenarios. The approach utilizes a movie related and omniscient view composed of sequential acts. Each act combines both states and interactions of distinct participants as well as the rudimental scenery. Selective events trigger changes in conduct leading to transitions between acts. Graphical visualization provides simple presentation of complex scenarios. Rule sets provide consistency checks and support semi-automated generation of test cases. The presented methodology facilitates model based test specification and requirements design constituting a consistent characterization of system environment from early concept and development to validation.

Thomas Glock, Matthias Kern, Stefan Otten, Eric Sax, VDI Verlag GmbH, 2016

Die Planung von elektronischen Kabelnetzen, die die elektronische Realisierung der Verfahrensbeschreibung (Rohrleitungs- und Instrumenten Fließschema) in industriellen Prozessanlagen repräsentieren, erfolgt heute weitgehend manuell. Zu diesen Anlagen gehören zum Beispiel Raffinerien, kunststofferzeugende Fabriken und Lebensmittelgewerbe. Die Anforderungen an diese Anlagen sind unterschiedlich und liegen in der Regel nur als Text vor. Um den Aufwand zu reduzieren, die Kosten zu mindern und die Qualität zu erhöhen, sind modellbasierte Ansätze und Methoden, wie sie beispielsweise bereits in der Entwicklung von Elektrik-/Elektronik-Architekturen im Automobil eingesetzt werden, eine realistische Chance. Durchgängigkeit von den Anforderungen zur Realisierung, frühe Fehlerentdeckung und –behebung während der Planung von elektronischen Kabelnetzen sowie die Wiederverwendung von Bibliothekselementen sind das Ziel. So wird in diesem Beitrag dargelegt, wie mit Hilfe von Methoden und Tools der Automobil-Entwicklung neue Methoden für die unterstützende Planung von Industrieanlagen auf Basis der Verfahrensbeschreibung abgeleitet und genutzt werden können. Dabei fokussiert dieser Beitrag eine Methode zur automatisierten Erstellung von elektronischen Kabelnetzen (Vernetzungsarchitekturen) aus der Verfahrensbeschreibung. Ein Beispiel einer Mehrtankanlage, die als ein Bestandteil in Verfahren der Lebensmittelherstellung vorzufinden ist, rundet den Beitrag ab.

C. Steimer, C. Zimmermann, J. Zeilfelder, C. Pylatiuk, W. Stork, 2016

Nico Roedder, David Dauer, Kevin Laubis, Paul Karaenke and Christof Weinhardt, IEEE, Piscataway (NY), 2016

Julius Kümmerle, Timo Hinzmann, Anurag Vempati, and Roland Siegwart, 2016

F. Kuhnt, S. Orf, S. Klemm and J. M. Zöllner, 2016

M. Behrends, M. Witte, R. Eckert, M. Schinle und M. Gietzelt, 2016

Katharina Glock, Anne Meyer, Guido Tack, 2016

Optimization tools addressing large scale combinatorial optimization problems in a real-world setting need to be easily adaptable to application specific requirements. Solution procedures need to be fast and robust towards these adaptations. To this end, we propose a hybrid approach combining Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and Large Neighbourhood Search (LNS) in a CP framework. The integration of local search and a self-adjusting tree-based search strategy offers a flexible and efficient solution approach that can adapt itself to the problem at hand. First results for the vehicle routing problem (VRP) indicate that the proposed Monte Carlo Large Neighbourhood Search (MCLNS) yields better results than related CP-based approaches.

Johannes Bach, Stefan Otten, Eric Sax, 2016

Nicole Merkle, Stefan Zander, 2016

Thomas Glock, Matthias Kern, Stefan Otten, Eric Sax, VDI Verlag GmbH, 2016

Die Planung von elektronischen Kabelnetzen, die die elektronische Realisierung der Verfahrensbeschreibung (Rohrleitungs- und Instrumenten Fließschema) in industriellen Prozessanlagen repräsentieren, erfolgt heute weitgehend manuell. Zu diesen Anlagen gehören zum Beispiel Raffinerien, kunststofferzeugende Fabriken und Lebensmittelgewerbe. Die Anforderungen an diese Anlagen sind unterschiedlich und liegen in der Regel nur als Text vor. Um den Aufwand zu reduzieren, die Kosten zu mindern und die Qualität zu erhöhen, sind modellbasierte Ansätze und Methoden, wie sie beispielsweise bereits in der Entwicklung von Elektrik-/Elektronik-Architekturen im Automobil eingesetzt werden, eine realistische Chance. Durchgängigkeit von den Anforderungen zur Realisierung, frühe Fehlerentdeckung und –behebung während der Planung von elektronischen Kabelnetzen sowie die Wiederverwendung von Bibliothekselementen sind das Ziel. So wird in diesem Beitrag dargelegt, wie mit Hilfe von Methoden und Tools der Automobil-Entwicklung neue Methoden für die unterstützende Planung von Industrieanlagen auf Basis der Verfahrensbeschreibung abgeleitet und genutzt werden können. Dabei fokussiert dieser Beitrag eine Methode zur automatisierten Erstellung von elektronischen Kabelnetzen (Vernetzungsarchitekturen) aus der Verfahrensbeschreibung. Ein Beispiel einer Mehrtankanlage, die als ein Bestandteil in Verfahren der Lebensmittelherstellung vorzufinden ist, rundet den Beitrag ab.

T. Bruckschlögl, M. Schmidt, R. Dokku, J. Becker, 2016

C. Zimmermann, N. Müller, N. Göpper, J. Zeilfelder, T. Blöcher, F. Gauger, J. Schneider, W. Stork, T. Vetter , S. Jahn und A. Gross, 2016

J. Zeilfelder, F. Mohr, C. Zimmermann, J. Parada, T. Blöcher, J. Schneider, F. Gauger, W. Stork, 2016

C. Steimer, C. Zimmermann, J. Zeilfelder, C. Pylatiuk, W. Stork, 2016

T.Bruckschlögl, M. Schmidt, R. Dokku, J. Becker, VDI Verlag GmbH, 2016

Die zunehmende Vernetzung und Digitalisierung von industriellen Anlagen bringt viele Vorteile aber auch neue Angriffsflächen und Risiken für die IT-Infrastruktur mit sich. Besonders durch die zunehmende Anbindung einzelner Systeme an offene Internetumgebungen werden diese den gängigen Sicherheitsrisiken von Angriffen und Malware, Viren sowie Trojanern ausgesetzt. Deshalb ist der unberechtigte Zugriff auf zu schützende Systeme und Netzwerke unbedingt zu verhindern. Während der OPC UA Standard hier ein bereits sehr umfangreiches Sicherheitskonzept vorsieht, sind die gängigen Zugriffsmöglichkeiten wie Passwörter oder Zertifikate besonderes Ziel von Angriffen. Dieser Artikel beschreibt ein Hardware basiertes Lizenzmanagement System für den geschützten Zugriff auf hochsensible OPC UA Netzwerkknoten. Dabei übernimmt ein gesicherter an das Hostsystem gekoppelter Hardwarebaustein sowohl Schlüssel und Lizenzverwaltung als auch Verschlüsselungs- und Entschlüsselungsaufgaben. Dadurch wird ein Vertrauensanker geschaffen über den sich ein System oder eine Anwendung auf Hardware- als auch auf Softwareseite eindeutig identifizieren und authentifizieren kann.

David Wölfle, Achim Strunk, 2016

Suad Sejdovic, Yvonne Hegenbarth, Gerald H Ristow, Roland Schmidt, ACM, 2016

Suad Sejdovic, Natalja Kleiner, IEEE, 2016

Suad Sejdovic, ACM, 2016

Schwab, Stefan and Hohmann, Sören, 2016

Krebs, Stefan and Köhrer, Lukas and Hohmann, Sören, 2016

During the modelling of technical systems, the developer of the model is always faced with uncertain quantities due to non-ideal measurement devices. In contrast to classical stochastical approaches to handle these uncertainties, guaranteed approaches represent an emerging alternative. They allow on the one hand a direct application of the usually given error bounds of measurements and on the other hand a provision of guarantees regarding a model's output. One interesting application area of such methods are safety-critical systems such as electrical traction drives. In this paper, a new methodology to model a voltage source inverter considering unknown but bounded measurement uncertainties during the identification and the operation is presented. The provision of output intervals including the real output voltages is proven by simulations and experiments.

Krebs, Stefan and Köhrer, Lukas and Hohmann, Sören, 2016

Many types of models have been developed for the voltage source inverter taking into account non-ideal effects, such as voltage drops over the semiconductors, non-ideal switching characteristics and turn-on delay times. However, uncertainties caused by measurement errors during the identification and during the operation of the model have been neglected so far. Nevertheless, the consideration of these uncertainties is necessary in the context of guaranteed state estimation, especially for safety-critical systems. In this paper, a modelling and identification approach is proposed, which considers the most important non-ideal effects and uncertainties. The uncertainties are described by intervals yielding a guaranteed inclusion of the voltage source inverter's output voltages. The guaranteed inclusion of the output voltages is proven by simulations and experiments.

Felix Brandt, 2016

Kloker, Simon and Kranz, Tobias and Straub, Tim and Weinhardt, Christof, 2016

Straub, Tim and Teubner, Timm and Weinhardt, Christof, 2016

Straub, Tim and Hawlitschek, Florian and Weinhardt, Christof, 2016

Levina, Olga and Vilnai-Yavetz, I. and Schilling, A., 2016

Achenbach, Dirk and Müller-Quade, Jörn and Rill, Jochen, Springer International Publishing, 2016

Achenbach, Dirk and Huber, Matthias and Müller-Quade, Jörn and Rill, Jochen, Springer International Publishing, 2016