Manuel Lösch (M.Sc.)

Abteilungsleiter

Werdegang

Manuel Lösch studierte Informatik und Wirtschaftsinformatik. Den Master erwarb er an der Universität Mannheim, wo er Wirtschaftsinformatik mit Spezialisierung „Systemdesign und -entwicklung“ studierte und seinen Bachelor in Informatik erhielt er von der Hochschule Furtwangen. Neben Auslandssemestern in den USA und in der Republik China, sammelte er Praxiserfahrung im Bereich der Softwareentwicklung bei IBM Research & Development sowie bei SAP Research.

Seit 2013 ist Manuel Lösch am FZI tätig. Dort forscht er an IT-basierten Lösungen für das Energiesystem der Zukunft – seit 2018 als Leiter der Forschungsabteilung „Intelligente Information und Kommunikation in Technischen Systemen“ (IIK). Sein besonderes Interesse gilt der netzdienlichen Erschließung von Flexibilität in Stromverbrauch und -erzeugung. Darüber hinaus ist er für das FZI Living Lab smartEnergy verantwortlich, in welchem innovative Energiemanagement-Lösungen mit Partnern aus Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft prototypisch entwickelt und erprobt werden.

Publikationen

Buch (1)

1. Building Energy Management in the FZI House of Living LabsInfoDetails

   Birger Becker, Fabian Kern, Manuel Loesch, Ingo Mauser, Hartmut Schmeck, Springer, 2015

   The FZI House of Living Labs is a research and demonstration environment that facilitates interdisciplinary research, development, and evaluation in real-life scenarios. It consists of various Living Labs addressing different research topics. In the Living Lab smartEnergy, solutions for the energy system of the future are investigated. For this reason, the whole FZI House of Living Labs has been equipped with building automation, distributed generation, thermal and electrical storage, and technologies that enable the flexibilization of energy supply and demand. The equipment, among others, includes a photovoltaic and battery storage system, a micro combined heat and power plant, and an adsorption chiller. A building energy management system was developed that integrates various communication technologies, and hence enables monitoring, data recording, visualization, and the integrated optimization of the devices and systems. This way, flexibilities can be utilized with regard to different optimization goals such as an increased self-consumption, or the provisioning of grid-supporting services.

Zeitungs- oder Zeitschriftenartikel (4)

1. State-of-the-Art Integration of Decentralized Energy Management Systems into the German Smart Meter Gateway InfrastructureInfoDetails

   Nils Kroener, Kevin Förderer, Manuel Lösch, Hartmut Schmeck, 2020

   The German Smart Meter Gateway (SMGW) infrastructure enables digital access to metering data and distributed energy resources by external parties. There are, however, various restrictions in order to guarantee the privacy of consumers, and strong security requirements. Furthermore, in the current state of development, there are still several challenges to overcome in order to implement demand side management (DSM) measures. In this paper, we present a prototype enabling DSM measures within the SMGW infrastructure, using the smart grid traffic light concept. The prototype implements an automated decentralized energy management system (EMS) that optimally controls an electric vehicle charging station. In the development of this prototype, we did not only evaluate five of the seven available SMGW devices, but also push the limits of the infrastructure itself. The experiments demonstrated the successful implementation of the intended DSM measure by the EMS. Even though there are technical guidelines standardizing the functionality of SMGWs, our evaluation shows that there are substantial differences between the individual SMGW devices.

2. Smart Meter Gateways: Options for a BSI-Compliant Integration of Energy Management SystemsInfoDetails

   Kevin Förderer, Manuel Lösch, Ralf Növer, Marilen Ronczka, Hartmut Schmeck, 2019

   The introduction of Smart Meter Gateways (SMGWs) to buildings and households creates new opportunities and challenges for energy management systems. While SMGWs provide interfaces for accessing recorded information and enable communication to external parties, they also restrict data access to protect the privacy of inhabitants and facility owners. This paper presents an analysis of options for integrating automated (Building) Energy Management Systems (EMSs) into the smart meter architecture based on the technical guidelines for SMGWs by the German Federal Office for Information Security (“Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik”, BSI). It shows that there are multiple ways for integrating automated EMSs into the German smart metering architecture, although each option comes with its own advantages and restrictions. By providing a detailed discussion of trade-offs, this paper supports EMS designers that will be confronted with differing freedoms and limitations depending on the integration option.

3. Locations for Performance Ensuring Admission Control in Load Balanced Multi-tenant SystemsInfoDetails

   Manuel Loesch, Rouven Krebs, 2014

   In the context of Software as a Service offerings, multi-tenant applications (MTAs) allow to increase the efficiency by sharing one application instance among several customers. Due to the tight coupling and sharing of resources on all layers up to the application layer, customers may influence each other with regards to the performance they observe. Existing research on performance isolation of MTAs focuses on methods and concrete algorithms. In this paper, we present concerns that are raised when serving a high amount of users in a load balancing cluster with multiple MTA instances. We identified potential positions in such an architecture where performance isolation can be enforced based on request admission control. Considering various approaches for request-to-instance allocation, our discussion shows that different positions come along with specific pros and cons that have influence on the ability to performance-isolate tenants.

4. Vehicle-to-Business Communication: Enabling Web Services for High-Scalable Communication Infrastructures in Mobile Bandwidth-Limited NetworksInfoDetails

   Manuel Loesch, Markus Miche, Friedbert Kaspar, Marc Brogle, Thomas Michael Bohnert, 2010

   This paper shows how we realized a prototypical platform for interconnecting vehicles and business systems based on mobile cellular networks and Web service standards. However, Web services have been originally designed for broadband networks like the conventional, non-mobile Internet. Because of the incomplete coverage of 3G cellular networks, especially the bandwidth limitation of 2G cellular networks has to be seen as bottleneck. Thus, we surveyed different approaches for improving the SOAP layer in order to achieve efficient and scalable Web service communication. The impact of compression and usage of binary XML on the message size, transmission time, and scalability is evaluated based on realistic application scenarios and various bandwidth classes. We come to the conclusion that existing technologies can be used to achieve significant improvements in bandwidth-limited networks. However, we further show that such a SOAP layer optimization does not come along with noticeable benefits in broadband networks.

Konferenzbeitrag (11)

1. Provably Privacy-Preserving Distributed Data Aggregation in Smart GridsInfoDetails

   Marius Stübs, Tobias Mueller, Kai Bavendiek, Manuel Loesch, Sibylle Schupp, Hannes Federrath, Springer, 2020

   The digitalization of power systems leads to a significant increase of energy consumers and generators with communication capabilities. Using data of such devices allows for a more efficient grid operation, e.g., by improving the balancing of power demand and supply. Fog Computing is a paradigm that enables efficient aggregation and processing of the measurements provided by energy consumers and generators. However, the introduction of these techniques is hindered by missing trust in the data protection, especially for personal-related data such as electric consumption. To resolve this conflict, we propose a privacy-preserving concept for the hierarchical aggregation of distributed data based on additive secret-sharing. To increase the trust towards the system, we model the concept and provide a formal proof of its confidentiality properties. We discuss the attacker models of colluding and non-colluding adversaries on the data flow and show how our scheme mitigates these attacks.

2. Analysis of the German Continuous Intraday Market and the Revenue Potential for Flexibility OptionsInfoDetails

   Julian Rominger, Manuel Lösch, Sebastian Steuer, Katrin Köper, Hartmut Schmeck, IEEE, 2019

   As the share of energy from fluctuating renewable energy resources traded on the German power spot markets has risen over the past years, energy prices on these markets have become more volatile. Therefore, the opportunities for utilizing the flexibility of energy demand or supply to gain monetary benefits have increased significantly. Especially the EPEX Intraday Continuous power market appears to be a favorable market place for demand- and supply-side flexibility options as continuously changing prices for power products offer the possibility to profit from consecutive rescheduling up to only five minutes before delivery. The contribution of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we provide an analysis of the development of the German Intraday Continuous power market over the years 2015 to 2017, and secondly, we quantify the revenue potential for different flexibility options participating in this market. The results of this work show an increasing revenue potential over the course of the three years. The revenues equal up to 3.4 times the wholesale energy costs for solely consuming and up to 12.4 times for consuming and generating flexibility options.

3. Utilization of electric vehicle charging flexibility to lower peak load by controlled charging (G2V and V2G)InfoDetails

   Julian Rominger, Manuel Loesch, Hartmut Schmeck, 2019

   This paper shows the results of an empirical analysis of electric vehicle (EV) charging behaviour at a cluster of 10 AC charging points at a commercial offce site in Garching, Germany. It quantifies the potential of controlled charging to lower the charging cluster’s peak load. By utilizing charging meter data we were able to simulatively evaluate different control strategies, and to model their power profiles and peak loads. Backed by empirical charging data, our analysis shows that around 80 % of charge events are characterized by a certain flexibility that allows to adjust their power profiles. Furthermore, the peak load can be reduced by 44 % without affecting the EV’s mobility and by 69 % if less than 20 % of charging is controlled.

4. Utilization of Local Flexibility for Charge Management of a Battery Energy Storage System Providing Frequency Containment ReserveInfoDetails

   Julian Rominger, Patrick Ludwig, Fabian Kern, Manuel Loesch, Hartmut Schmeck, Elsevier, 2018

   This paper estimates the potential to reduce market-based charging and discharging of a battery energy storage system (BESS) that provides frequency containment reserve (FCR) through (a) the utilization of degrees of freedom (DOFs) during reserve provision, and (b) the utilization of the flexibility of local power units (LPUs) at an investigated industrial site. In context of a of a real BESS providing 7 MW of FCR, the potential is quantified based on a simulation using real grid frequency data and real power profiles of LPUs at an industrial site for the year 2016. At the explored site, LPUs identified to provide charge management of the BESS include wind turbines (WT), a combined heat and power plant (CHPP), and power consumption by the fans of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. Results indicate that the energy charged and discharged through market-based transactions can be reduced by 56% and 66% respectively; however, the majority of these reductions are caused by the intelligent use of DOFs. Savings by using the flexibility of the mentioned LPUs can be attributed largely to the flexible operation of the HVAC system due to its highest availability and potential to substitute market-based charge events of the BESS.

5. Optimizing Bidding Strategies for the German Secondary Control Reserve Market: The Impact of Energy PricesInfoDetails

   Manuel Loesch, Sandeep Nainappagari, Julian Rominger, Hartmut Schmeck, IEEE, 2018

   In the synchronized European grid, Secondary Control Reserve (SCR) is a key component to restore a stable grid frequency of 50 Hz. The German SCR market is based on a capacity price and an energy price. After being accepted into the reserve pool based on the capacity price, the energy price determines the position in the call merit order, and hence the probability of an activation. In this paper we present results of an ex-post simulation of the SCR market, based on publicly available data. Using our simulation, we quantified the share of SCR bid activations given different energy prices, and derived the profit potential for SCR providers. In addition, we investigated the development over the last years, recognizing that in particular positive SCR bids with a given energy price tend to be activated less often. By providing transparency regarding the relation between reserve energy prices and the share of activations, the insights presented in this paper can be used by balancing service providers in order to improve their SCR bids, or to validate the quality of bidding strategies of SCR aggregators.

6. Qualitätssicherung in der Hochschullehre mit dem Inverted-Classroom-AnsatzInfoDetails

   Irina Fuchs, Manuel Lösch, Ingo Mauser, Roland Küstermann, Dietmar Ratz, 2016

   Usually, formative self-assessments help to control the students' learning progress in inverted classroom model-based lectures at universities. This article elucidates how self-assessments may also be used evaluatively as an integrative component of quality-improving measures in university apprenticeship. The evaluation results help to adapt and improve the teaching contents – lecture material and videos – during the course as shown by the example of the 'Introduction to Web Programming' which is part of the Business Information Technology studies at the Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University in Karlsruhe.

7. Simulation Study of a Heuristic Predictive Optimization Scheme for Grid-Reactive Heat Pump OperationInfoDetails

   Tillman Fassnacht, Manuel Loesch, Andreas Wagner, 2015

   A heuristic predictive optimization scheme for grid-reactive heat pump operation is introduced in this paper. It is based on thermal demand predictions (domestic hot water, heating demand) and does not require any numerical optimization which makes it easy to implement on real hardware. It follows the idea to use the heat pump to overheat the existing hot water storage in times of cheap electrical energy (oversupply). This way, converting electrical into thermal energy allows to economically shift electrical loads and hence to react to grid needs. The proposed optimization scheme is evaluated in a simulation study based on the simulation platform TRNSYS. A detailed evaluation of the algorithm in different application scenarios has been conducted by using a comprehensive system model of the investigated solar heat pump system. The evaluation presents the impact of different characteristics of the incentivizing price signal as well as prediction errors onto the load shifting and cost saving potential.

8. Comparison of Request Admission Based Performance Isolation Approaches in Multi-tenant SaaS ApplicationsInfoDetails

   Rouven Krebs, Manuel Loesch, SciTePress, 2014

   In the Software-as-a-Service model one single application instance is usually shared between different tenants to decrease operational costs. However, sharing at this level may lead to undesired influence from one tenant onto the performance observed by the others. Intentionally, the application does not manage hardware resources and the responsible OS is not aware of application level entities like tenants. Consequently, it is difficult to control the performance of individual tenants to make sure they are isolated. In this paper we present an overview and classification of methods to ensure performance isolation based on request admission control. Further, informational requirements of these methods are discussed.

9. Demand Side Management in Smart Buildings by Intelligent Scheduling of Heat PumpsInfoDetails

   Manuel Loesch, Dominik Hufnagel, Sebastian Steuer, Tillman Faßnacht, Hartmut Schmeck, IEEE, 2014

   A major component of the future Smart Grid is an adaptive demand side that allows to handle the fluctuating power supply based on renewable energies. In this paper, we present an evolutionary algorithm that allows for shifting electrical loads generated by heat pumps. Our approach is based on overheating the hot water storage in order to get a higher degree of freedom for scheduling. In our scenario, we assume time-variable price and load limitation signals as well as a prediction for local power generation from photovoltaic panels to incentivize the load shifting. Using these signals, we consider the future thermal demand to schedule the heat pump such that electricity costs are decreased. Our simulations show that heat pumps and hot water storages bear potential to shift loads over a time span of up to multiple hours, thus providing economical storage capacity. In doing so and based on electricity prices from the stock exchange, we were able to significantly decrease electricity costs for operating the heat pump.

10. Platform-as-a-Service Architecture to Provide Performance Isolated Multi-tenant ApplicationsInfoDetails

    Rouven Krebs, Manuel Loesch, Samuel Kounev, IEEE, 2014

    Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) often shares one single application instance among different tenants to reduce costs. However, sharing potentially leads to undesired influence from one tenant onto the performance observed by the others. This is a significant problem as performance is one of the major obstacles for cloud customers. The application does intentionally not manage hardware resources, and the operating system is not aware of application level entities like tenants which makes the performance control a challenge. In case the SaaS is hosted on a Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), the SaaS developer usually wants to control performance-related issues according to individual needs, and available information is even more limited. Thus, it is difficult to control the performance of different tenants to keep them isolated. Existing work focuses on concrete methods to provide performance isolation in systems where the whole stack is under control. In this paper we present a concrete PaaS enhancement which enables application developers to realize isolation methods for their hosted SaaS application. In a case study we evaluated the applicability and effectiveness of the enhancement in different environments.

11. Conceptual Approach for Performance Isolation in Multi-tenant SystemsInfoDetails

    Manuel Loesch, Rouven Krebs, SciTePress, 2013

    Multi-tenant applications (MTAs) share one application instance among several customers to increase the efficiency. Due to the tight coupling, customers may influence each other with regards to the performance they observe. Existing research focuses on methods and concrete algorithms to performance-isolate the tenants. In this paper, we present conceptual concerns raised when serving a high amount of users. Based on a load balancing cluster of multiple MTAs, we identified potential positions in an architecture where performance isolation can be enforced based on request admission control. Our discussion shows that different positions come along with specific pros and cons that have influence on the ability to performance-isolate tenants.

Sonstiges (9)

1. Talk: Intelligente Netzintegration der Elektromobilität via OCPP, ISO 15118 und Smart-Meter-GatewaysDetails

   Manuel Lösch, 2021

2. Talk: Dezentrales Energiemanagement: Intelligente Messsysteme als Schnittstelle zu Netz und Markt?Details

   Manuel Lösch, 2020

3. Talk: Smart-Meter-Gateways und Steuerboxen: Grundlage zur breiten Erschließung elektrischer FlexibilitätInfoDetails

   Manuel Lösch, 2019

   In den kommenden Jahren werden Verbraucher mit einem Jahresverbrauch über 6.000 kWh mit Smart-Meter-Gateways ausgestattet, die eine bidirektionale Kommunikation mit Stromzählern und Steuerboxen im Haus ermöglichen. Aus Sichtweise verschiedener Akteure und Systemdienstleistungen wird in diesem Vortrag ein Vergleich gezogen zwischen der heutigen Welt und einer möglichen Welt nach dem SMGW-Rollout. Beispiele, wie der Einsatz von SMGWs den Stromnetzbetrieb verändern kann, sind vielfältig. Energielieferanten können mit zusätzlichen Verbrauchsinformationen ihre Bilanzkreise effektiver bewirtschaften. Letztverbraucher können Transparenz über ihre Energieflüsse und die Möglichkeit zur Teilhabe am Marktgeschehen erhalten. Verteilnetzbetreiber können feingranulare Einblicke in Netzzustände erhalten und neue Steuermöglichkeiten zur Spannungshaltung nutzen. Übertragungsnetzbetreiber können von neuen Regelleistungserbringern profitieren. Dieser Vortrag diskutiert absehbare Veränderungen anschaulich.

4. Talk: Good Practices in ICT Principles and Solutions for Electricity SystemsDetails

   Manuel Loesch, 2019

5. Talk: Case Study on Distributed Ledger Technologies in the Energy Sector: A Decentralized Market for Electric Vehicle ChargingDetails

   Manuel Loesch, 2018

6. Talk: Digitalisierte Stromnetze und Smart Meter in DeutschlandInfoDetails

   Manuel Lösch, 2017

   Dieser Talk erklärt, was es mit digitalen Stromzählern und Smart-Meter-Gateways auf sich hat, welche Kommunikationskanäle es in „intelligenten“ Stromnetzen gibt, was für Daten manche Stromzähler künftig automatisiert herausgeben müssen, und wie genau diese Daten wem einen Mehrwert bringen sollen. Dazu wird einleitend ein Überblick gegeben über verschiedene an der Strombereitstellung beteiligte Akteure – von Übertragungsnetzbetreibern, Verteilnetzbetreibern, Messstellenbetreibern, Stromlieferanten und -verbrauchern bis hin zu Flexibilitätsaggregatoren – sowie den Aufbau unseres Stromnetzes mit verschiedenen Netzebenen und Bilanzkreisen. Darauf basierend werden (informations)technische Herausforderungen zur Integration eines hohen Anteils erneuerbarer, fluktuierender Energiequellen erläutert. Hervorzuheben sind dabei insbesondere der Bedarf eines ständigen Ausgleichs von Erzeugung und Verbrauch (ökonomisches Gleichgewicht durch Strommärkte, technische Frequenzhaltung durch Übertragungsnetzbetreiber) sowie die Lastflussumkehr durch vermehrt dezentrale Einspeisung in Verteilnetzen (erschwerte Spannungshaltung für Verteilnetzbetreiber). In diesem Kontext wird insbesondere auf Smart-Meter-Gateways eingegangen, welche gemäß dem neuen „Gesetz zur Digitalisierung der Energiewende“ in den kommenden Jahren bei Stromverbrauchern teilweise verpflichtend verbaut werden müssen. Digitale Stromzähler sowie Steuerboxen im Haus (Photovoltaik- und Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungsanlagen, Elektrofahrzeuge) werden über diese Gateways in Zukunft automatisiert mit Netzbetreibern und externen Strommarktteilnehmern kommunizieren können – und abhängig von deren Jahresverbrauch sogar müssen. Durch das Aufzeigen entsprechender Konzepte und Hintergründe sollen die mit dieser Digitalisierung einhergehenden Risiken und Potentiale besser verstanden werden.

7. Talk: Sekundärregelleistung: Preise, Abrufcharakteristika & Nachholmanagement für alternative SRL-ErbringerDetails

   Manuel Lösch, 2017

8. Talk: Smart Grids and Smart Buildings: Potentials of an Intelligent Energy ManagementDetails

   Manuel Loesch, 2016

9. Open source: TRNSYS-Java Coupler (a TRNSYS type enabling bi-directional communication with Java)InfoDetails

   Manuel Loesch, 2014

   TRNSYS is a software environment used to simulate the behavior of transient systems, providing many components commonly found in thermal and electrical energy systems. This TRNSYS type allows for a bi-directional communication between TRNSYS and Java. After specifying the number of inputs and outputs of the type within the TRNSYS enviornment, respective links to other components can be established. In every simulation step, the type consumes a certain amount of inputs and sends the values to Java. Based on this, a certain amount of outputs is generated in Java, send back to TRNSYS and used as the type's output for the current simulation step. The communication between the TRNSYS type and the Java class is based on the Java Native Interface (JNI).

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